99 |
Thallus distinctly corticate; on rock; apothecia rounded, innate to adnate |
Dirina
|
|
Thallus ecorticate; if on rock, apothecia long |
— 100 |
100 |
Spores simple; apothecia ellipsoid to oblong; algae green,?
Trebouxia |
Lithographa
|
|
Spores septate; algae
Trentepohlia or Phycopeltis |
— 101 |
101 |
Spores longitudinally septate |
— 103 |
|
Spores muriform |
— 102 |
102 |
Spores hyaline |
Graphina
|
|
Spores dark |
Phaeographina
|
103 |
Spores 1-septate, finally dark |
— 104 |
|
Spores 3- or more septate or if 1-, hyaline |
— 105 |
104 |
Paraphyses branched and anastomosing; spores brown, constricted; on rock; algae green? |
Encephalographa
|
|
Paraphyses simple; spores becoming brown, not constricted; on bark; algae trentepohlioid |
Melaspilea
|
105 |
Spores thin-walled, cells cylindrical; paraphyses anastomosing and thin |
— 107 |
|
Spores thick-walled, cells ± lentiform; paraphyses simple, unjoined |
— 106 |
106 |
Spores hyaline |
Graphis
|
|
Spores soon brown |
Phaeographis
|
107 |
Proper margin hardly developed, pale; hypothecium pale; apothecia sunken |
Enterographa
|
|
Proper margin brown or carbonaceous |
— 108 |
108 |
Excipulum originally covering apothecium which breaks through it; on leaves |
(
Aulaxina) |
|
Excipulum not formed in this way; on rock, bark or leaves |
— 109
|
109 |
Margin lacking beneath apothecium; hypothecium hyaline; apothecia roundish; on leaves (author has noted here ‘put in Lecanactis!’) |
(
Mazosia) |
|
Margin continued beneath apothecium; hypothecium brownish; apothecia elongate |
— 110 |
110 |
Apothecia not in thalline stroma |
Opegrapha
|
|
Apothecia immersed in thalline stroma |
Chiodecton (uncertain) |
111 |
Fruit a perithecium |
— 112 |
|
Fruit an apothecium |
— 131 |
112 |
Spores simple |
— 113 |
|
Spores septate |
— 115 |
113 |
Thallus with cellular cortex; algae
Pleurococcus; thallus thick, areolate |
Dermatacarpon
|
|
If corticate, cortex not cellular |
|
114 |
Thallus on rock, on damp areas, dark; perithecial wall well developed, brownish and/or involucrellum present; usually maritime |
Verrucaria
|
|
Thallus white or pink on a bank or soil debris and subalpine; no involucrellum; wall hyaline; spores very large |
Coccotrema
|
115 |
Spores acicular, several-celled, thin-walled; on bark; algae
Trentepohlia |
Leptorhaphis
|
|
Spores ellipsoid to fusiform |
— 116 |
116 |
Spores brown |
— 117 |
|
Spores hyaline |
— 120 |
117 |
Spores 2- or more celled |
— 118 |
|
Spores muriform |
Anthracothecium
|
118 |
Spores cells cylindrical, thin-walled, usually 2-celled; paraphyses anastomosing and branched, soon disappearing |
Microthelia
|
|
Spore cells lentiform, usually more than 2; paraphyses simple and persistent; on bark |
— 119
|
119 |
Perithecia immersed in thalline stroma |
Melanotheca
|
|
Perithecia not in stroma |
Pyrenula
|
120 |
Spores muriform |
— 121 |
|
Spores 2-many septate |
— 124 |
121 |
Hymenium containing small algal cells; algae
Pleuracoccus; thallus thick, ± squamulose; on ground or rock |
Endocarpon
|
|
Hymenium without algal cells; on bark; algae
Trentepohlia |
122 |
122 |
Paraphyses branched and anastomosing (or absent); spore cells cubic |
— 123 |
|
Paraphyses simple, persistent?; spore cells thick-walled? |
Clathroporina
|
123 |
Perithecia ± immersed in thallus, scattered |
Polyblastiopsis
|
|
Perithecia arranged 2-many in stroma |
Laurera
|
124 |
Parapnyses soon gelifying; spores 1- to 3-septate, thickish-walled; on rock; algae
Pleurococcus |
Thelidium
|
|
Paraphyses usually persistent; algae
Trentepohlia or
Cephaleuros or? |
— 125 |
125 |
Paraphyses anastomosing and branched; spore cells lentiform or thick-walled |
— 126 |
|
Paraphyses simple or branched, not anastomosing; spore cells cubic, thin-walled |
— 128 |
126 |
Perithecia in a stroma, spores several celled, longish |
Trypethelium
|
|
Perithecia not in a stroma; spores 1- to 5-septate |
— 127 |
127 |
Paraphyses usually gelifying; asci clavate or pyriform; spore cells uneven if 2-, rarely 3- or more septate |
Pseudopyrenula
|
|
Paraphyses persistent; asci cylindrical; spores in 1 series, cells 2, even in size |
Acrocordia
|
128 |
Perithecia with long setae; spores muriform; on leaves |
Trichothelium
|
|
Perithecia glabrous |
— 129 |
129 |
Paraphyses distinctly branched; on leaves |
Raciborskiella
|
|
Paraphyses simple |
— 130
|
130 |
Algae
Cephaleuros; on leaves; thallus lobulate, subcutaneous |
Strigula
|
|
Algae
Trentepohlia or
Phycopeltis; thallus effuse; on rock or log |
Porina
|
131 |
Algae blue-green |
— 132 |
|
Algae green or trentepohlioid |
— 136 |
132 |
Algae
Xanthocapsa; thallus thick, on rock; apothecia lecanorine |
— 133 |
|
Algae
Nostoc or ?
Scytonema; spores simple |
— 134 |
133 |
(Key not filled in here, but preceding characters lead to genus) |
Pyrenopsis
|
134 |
Thallus homoeomerous, ecorticate, lobulate; apothecia lecanorine; spores rough |
Molleropsis
|
|
Thallus distinctly corticate, subsquamulose |
— 135 |
135 |
Apothecia lecanorine; spores rough-walled |
Pannaria
|
|
Apothecia biatorine; spores smooth |
Parmeliella
|
136 |
Apothecia with distinct double margin, an inner proper one and outer, often crateriform thalline one; spores 2-septate to muriform; paraphyses simple |
— 137 |
|
Apothecia with single margin, or if sunken in thallus, spores simple or 1-septate, dark |
— 141 |
137 |
Algae green; on rock or soil |
Diploschistes
|
|
Algae
Trentepohlia; on bark |
— 138 |
138 |
Spores several-septate |
— 140 |
|
Spores muriform |
— 139 |
139 |
Spores hyaline |
Thelotrema (incl.
Chroodiscus?) |
|
Spores brown |
Leptotrema
|
140 |
Spores hyaline |
Ocellularia
|
|
Spores brown |
? (
Phaeotrema) |
141 |
Apothecia lecanorine (or immersed in thallus), proper margin rudimentary or absent; algal layer under hypothecium |
— 142 |
|
Apothecia lecideine, or if partly immersed, with dark margin or algae not present under apothecia |
— 156
|
142 |
Spores simple, hyaline |
— 143 |
|
Spores septate |
— 149 |
143 |
Apothecia sunken in thallus or rarely emergent |
— 144 |
|
Apothecia sessile or adnate |
— 147 |
144 |
Spores many, small; yellow or brownish; thallus, usually areolate—subsquamulose, ± corticate; on rock |
Acarospora
|
|
Spores 8 or less in ascus |
— 145 |
145 |
Apothecia several in elevated stroma, disc may be punctiform. spores large, thick-walled; paraphyses thin, branched (see also
Coccotrema) |
Pertusaria
|
|
Apothecia not in stroma; paraphyses medium, septate; spores thin-walled; on rock |
— 146 |
146 |
Algae green |
Lecanora subgen.
Aspicilia |
|
Algae
Trentepohlia, large celled |
Ionaspis
|
147 |
Paraphyses thin, flexuous; spores large |
— 148 |
|
Paraphyses shorter and thicker, simple or sparingly branched; spores medium |
Lecanora
|
148 |
Spores thin (<203BC) walled; hypothecium ± subtended |
Ochrolechia
|
|
Spores thick-walled; hypothecium excipulum thin |
Pertusaria
|
149 |
Spores brown. 1-septate. ± polaribilocular |
Rinodina
|
|
Spores hyaline |
— 150 |
150 |
Spores parallel septate |
— 151 |
|
Spores muriform; paraphyses simple |
— 155 |
151 |
Apothecia sunken in thallus, sometimes irregular, pale; spores with lentiform cells; on trees |
— 152 |
|
Apothecia sessile |
— 153 |
152 |
Paraphyses simple |
Phlyctella
|
|
Paraphyses branched and anastomosing |
Phylctidia
|
153 |
Apothecia scarlet; K+ soluble; spores 6+ celled; thallus corticate; on trees |
Haematomma
|
|
Apothcia shades of brown or yellowish, K-; ecorticate; spores few celled |
— 154 |
154 |
Thallus effuse; pycnidia with exobasidial fulcra |
Lecania |
|
Thallus determinate; pycnidia with endobasidial fulcra |
Solenospora |
155 |
Apothecia sunken in thallus. pale |
Phylctis |
|
Apothecia sessile, orange |
Myxoclictyon |
156 |
Spores very manv in ascus. small, simple |
Biatorella |
|
Spores 8. rarely 16, or less |
— 157 |
157 |
Paraphyses branched and anastomosing; spores septate; algae
Trentepohlia or micareoid |
— 158 |
|
Paraphyses not anastomosing or if so spores ± muriform and algae otherwise |
— 161 |
158 |
Apothecia innate, immarginate: may appear to have thalline margin; several-celled spores: algae
Trentepohlia; on trees |
Schismatomma |
|
Apothecia marginate |
— 159 |
159 |
Algae micareoid; spores 1-septate; on soil etc. |
Micarea |
|
Algae
Trentepohlia or
Phycopeltis; spores fusiform 3± septate: on trees |
— 160 |
160 |
Algae
Trentepohlia; margin complete; on bark |
Lecanactis |
|
Algae
Phycopeltis; margin at top, formed by rupture of initial covering; on leaves |
(Mazosia) |
161 |
Algae
Trentepohlia; apothecia yellow to orange; excipulum pale, K-; spores small, ellipsoid, mostly I-septate; thallus green, ± shining, thin |
Dimerella |
|
Algae green; fruit characters usually otherwise |
— 162 |
162 |
Spores simple, paraphyses various |
— 163 |
|
Spores septate |
— 164 |
163 |
Spores small, thin-walled. 8 (lor 16) per ascus |
Lecidea |
|
Spores large, thick-walled; 1-2 per ascus |
Mycoblastus
|
164 |
Spores I-septate, ± oblong, brown, without sheath; |
Buellia |
|
Spores otherwise, or if as above, thallus I |
— 165 |
165 |
Apothecia orange to reddish with radiate hyaline excipula, sessile; K dissolves to red solution (not yellow); hypo-thecium hyaline |
— 166 |
|
Apothecia otherwise |
— 167 |
166 |
Spores small to medium, simple to I-septate to submuriform with thin walls |
Miltidea |
|
Spores 4- or more septate with lentiform or thick-walled cells |
Bombyliospora |
167 |
Spores I-septate, hyaline |
— 168 |
|
Spores more than I-septate. or if I-septate hyaline; thallus I ± blue |
— 169 |
168 |
Spores small, thin-walled |
Catillaria |
|
Spores large, wall thickened, ± oblong, 1-8 ascus |
Megalospora |
169 |
Hypothecium purple; paraphyses branched; foliicolous |
Tapellaria |
|
Hypothecium not purple, or if so paraphyses simple |
— 170 |
170 |
Excipulum of loose intricate hyphae; spores parallel septate; on leaves |
Byssoloma |
|
Excipulum of ± cellular structure or structureless; spores septate to muriform |
— 171 |
171 |
Spores parallel septate, hyaline, fusiform to acicular |
Bacidia |
|
Spores muriform or dark |
— 172 |
172 |
Algal cells in epithecium; foliicolous; spores hyaline |
(Sporopodium) |
|
No algal cells in epithecium |
— 173 |
173 |
Paraphyses branched; spores usually brown: hypothecium dark; on rock |
Rhizocarpon |
|
Paraphyses simple or branched; spores hyaline; hypothecium pale; not on rock |
Lopadium |