Figure 101. Filler sticks, Pukapukan and Ellice Islands bonito hooks, a, Pukapukan hook (Gerrit P. Wilder collection): point material is pearl shell; proximal lashing (1) and snood (2) pass through proximal hole (3); thread (4) tied through proximal hole makes turns through head hole (5); from last turn (6) through proximal hole, thread seized in close turns around snood and its previous turns through head hole for few turns; lower threads (4′) left out of seizing for short distance and then included again in seizing with snood; toward head, lower threads (4″) left out and seizing continued to above head hole; head lashing (7) completed and end (8) fixed with couple of overhead knots on left of lashing; distal lashing (9) of point fixes hackle (10) with oblique turns in Manihiki method (fig. 91); lashing thread, however, runs through hole to half way as in Samoan method (28, p. 500), and after number of turns with each half, ends form side bindings (11) around lashing on each side; ends carried back from sides, knotted together (12), and left long as part of hackle; hackle (10) consists of number of threads held together like Manihiki hackle, and oblique turns of distal lashing pass over its middle; filler sticks (13) 61 mm. long pass under both lashings; length of shank, 100 mm.; greatest width of head, 15 mm.; height of head, 15 mm.; width at tail, 8 mm.; length of point base, 24 mm.; point thickness, 3 mm. b, Ellice Islands hook (adapted from Kennedy, 16, p. 41) : proximal lashing (1) passes through middle hole and snood loop (2) through proximal hole (3); lower threads (4) pass through head hole and are seized with snood for part of course as in Pukapukan and Samoan hooks; point lashings (1,9) with side bindings (11) made in same way as in Samoa and Pukapuka; ends of distal lashing threads carried around back of point and lashed together (12); feather hackle (10) attached in Samoan method (28, p. 500) by open coil included under distal lashing; coils drawn taut over middle of hackle and ends (14), after being tied, left long as part of hackle; filler stick (13) thrust in under lashings and broken off to length of point base.