Figure 227.—Stern piece section of a bonito canoe:

a, right side; left edge showing curved line of the stern; lower edge, straight and fitted against the keel; right edge straight, oblique downwards and forwards, fitting against the section called "companion of the stern piece"; upper edge runs straight for 10.5 inches and then cuts down at a slant (4) to a lower level of an inch and continued on for 5.75 inches. The depth at (1) is 6.4 inches; at (2), 6.25 inches; and at (3), 6.25 inches. The projection formed by the upper and left edges is characteristic and in some canoes may be more pronounced. The ornamental knobs (5) from the upper surface show up. As far as the line (2) the stern piece is solid, but to the front of the line it is hollowed out; the sides incline upwards and outwards from the keel, the outward inclination increasing to the right. b, Upper surface projects backward in the middle line to a point (1) and forwards to a point (2), the distance between them being 13.5 inches; the aft width at (3) is 3.3 inches and at (4) it is 5.1 inches; the side edges between (3 and 4) are both 10.5 inches long. A raised ridge (5) is left in the middle line to be subsequenty trimmed into knobs; up to the right edge (4, 2, 4) of the surface, the stern piece is solid above, but below and beyond that it is hollowed out to leave the two sides (6, 7) at their normal thickness; the upper edges of the sides are on a plane an inch lower than the solid upper surface; the left side (6) is 6.75 inches long, an inch more than the right side (7). c, Cross section at line (1 in a). The section is through the solid part on the extreme left of the lower edge. The upper surface is 4.2 inches wide. The sides curve in and descend to the narrow width of 1.3 inches which corresponds to the width of the keel in this part. The lower end is cut in a "V"-shaped groove (1) which fits over the two inclined sides of the keel; the vertical depth in the middle line to the top of the groove is 5.5 inches. d, Cross section at line (2) in (a). The hollowing out below the upper surface defines the sides. The upper surface is 5.1 inches wide and the mesial ridge (5) is evident. The lower ends of the sides have diverged to 2.2 inches and the edges (8) are cut at an inclined plane to fit against the sides of the keel and increased in thickness to form flanges (9) on the inner side for lashing against the flanges of the keel; e, cross section at line (3) in (a); the two sides have no connection above as well as below; the lower edges have diverged with the increasing width feature; above, the divergence has increased to carry on the expanding lines of the canoe. On the inner side of the upper edges, flanges (10) are formed for lashing to the stern cover. The sides are from 0.25 to 0.5 inches in thickness, while the raised flanges are 1.25 inches thick. f, Stern piece of compound keel. The stern piece (1) and the keel (2) are in one piece; the stern cover (3) shows that it passes over the stern piece to the end and thus carries the mesial line of raised knobs (5); the end of the stern is marked by the constriction (4) characteristic of the hauling knob of the paopao dugout. If the stern end and the stern cover fit square as at the dotted lines (5), the true fa'autouto name of the stern piece is retained, but if both are cut away to form a notch as shown, the part is termed fa'fululupe, a term also applied to the notch cut in wall posts.