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Austral Islands
(Place)

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Figure 103.—Triple triangle lashing; double loop technique. From oblique crossings, turns change to alternate lower and upper loops crossing in front. a, right: from position 8 in figure 102 d, braid (9), keeping below upper oblique turns on right side of foot, passes to front where it turns obliquely upward on left below upper oblique turns, crosses back (9) of shaft, and descends vertically (10) on left of previous vertical turn, b, front: first lower loop (9, 9) in which turn 9, instead of c… Figure 257.—Rim projection of bowls: a, Cook Islands; projection rectangular in vertical section and full thickness of rim (see exception in figure 4, a), b, Tahiti; projection triangular in vertical section, full thickness of rim at base, and carved with median and lateral lines in manner reminiscent of markings on head of stone pounders (fig. 10, c, d). c, Austral Islands; projection not full thickness of rim, curved at ends, and stepped, d, Austral Islands (Raivavae); projection carved in ci… Figure 258.—Polynesian stone pounders: pestle form (a-c); medium form (d-e), flared form (f-i). a, Cook Islands, lateral projecting head with three low ridges (Bishop Mus., 6531). b, Mangareva, rounded circular head (Bishop Mus., C7632). c, Society Islands, laterally expanded head with three high ridges (Bouge coll.). d, Mangaia, head with lateral projections, flat upper surface, concave longitudinally; calcite (Bishop Mus., B3489). e, Austral Islands, head similar to d but with upper surface r… Figure 260.—Types of small four-legged seats. a, type one, Cook Islands (British Mus., 1905/1-20/4): 1, curved seat with slight concavity at ends, not carved; 2, leg heart shaped with edge (3) toward middle line; 4, foot heart shaped with point toward middle. b, type two, Tahiti (Bishop Mus., C4190): 1, seat with little curve, straight ends; 2, straight legs, round in section but with edge (3) to outer side; no feet. c, type two, Tahiti (Royal Swedish Mus.): 1, seat with greater curve than b, c… Figure 265.—Polynesian cloth beaters (ike, i'e): a, Atiu, Cook Islands; b, Mangaia, Cook Islands, finishing beater; c, Tahiti; d, Marquesas; e, Austral Islands, general form; f, Tubuai, Austral Islands, crossed pattern; g, Rapa, crossed pattern; h, Hawaii, general form; i, Hawaii, zigzag pattern; j, Mangareva, showing wide smooth surface (1) and narrow grooved surface (2); k, Easter Island; l, New Zealand; m, Tonga Figure 269.—Distribution of haft types, with literature citations. References for Polynesia are as: 1, toe haft: New Zealand (6, pp. 383, 393); Hawaii (11, pl. 60); Marquesas (47, pl. 48, A); Tuamotu (Emory ms.); Easter Island (Bishop Mus. Hafts); Manihiki-Rakahanga (75, pp. 144, 145); Tongareva (74, p. 180) Niue (48, pl. 8, A); Samoa alternate form (73, p. 362); Austral Islands alternate form (1, pp. 158, 159). 2, medium haft: Samoa (73, pp. 360, 361); Tonga (Bishop Mus. Coll.); Pukapuka (3, p… Figure 271.—Evolution of the Mangaian triple triangle. a, b, double loop technique, Austral Islands; c, d, triple triangle, Cook and Society Islands; e, f, Mangaian triple triangle, Mangaia. a, front: lower (1) and upper (2) loops. b, side: lower and upper loops crossing on side to form one large triangle. c, front: lower loop (1) continued throughout; upper loop (2) continued for a few turns and then split (3) as shown by crossings in middle line. d, side: split loops in their vertical turns (… Figure 273.—Polynesian drums. a-d, direct upper attachment; e-h, indirect upper attachment. a, Aitutaki, Cook Islands, see figure 168: lower slot attachment. b, Tahiti, Society Islands (Cambridge University Mus.): lower slot attachment; height, 20.5 inches; upper diameter, 7.75 inches; lower diameter, 8.5 inches. c, Raivavae, Austral Islands (British Mus., L.M.S. coll.): lower attachment to rectangular slots with another row of unused rectangular slots above engaged slots; lower third carved; h… Figure 274.—Polynesian wooden images, front and side views. a, Rarotonga, fisherman's god (Peabody Mus., Cambridge, Mass., 53517). b, Aitutaki, goddess (British Mus., L.M.S.). c, Tahiti, sorcerer's image (ti'i) (British Mus., 7047). d, Raivavae, Austral Islands (British Mus., 54-12-29-120). e, Marquesas (Bishop Mus., 3020) f, New Zealand, carved figure with face tattooing pattern (Oldman coll., 14). g, Mangareva, god (La Rochelle Mus., H.498). h, Easter Island, carved figure (moai kava-kava) (O… Plate 15 — Austral Islands Headdresses: A, Tubuai (British Mus.); B, Tubuai (Perth Mus., Scotland, 900); C, Rurutu (British Mus., +2011); D, Raivavae (Peabody Mus., Cambridge, 53617)

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