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A Popular Vision: The Arts and the Left in New Zealand 1930-1950

Chapter Six: Left Theatre

Chapter Six: Left Theatre

1A. Curnow, introduction to R.A.K. Mason, Collected Poems. Christchurch: Pegasus Press, 1962, p.9
2Curnow to R.A.K. Mason, 1944, quoted in J. E. Weir, R.A.K Mason. Wellington: Oxford University Press, 1977, p.56
3Curnow, 'The Poetry of R.A.K. Mason', Book, 2, May 1941
4'Consumer Co-operatives in Auckland', Borer, June 1937 (v.1, n.6), p.6; R.A.K. Mason. Diary, 1937. R.A.K. Mason Papers. Ms Papers 900: box 2. Hocken Library
5'R.A.K. Mason, 1905-71. Some Tributes', Landfall, 99, Sept. 1971 (v.25, n.3), p.239; R.A.K. Mason to D. Glover, Nov. 1937, quoted in Weir, R.A.K. Mason, p.52
6R. E. Harley, 'R.A.K. Mason: Poetry and Polities', Islands, June 1980 (v.8,n.2), p.164; J. C. Reid, Creative Writing in New Zealand. A Brief Critical History. Auckland: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1946, p.34
7Weir, R.A.K Mason, pp.58, 45, 44
8W. S. Broughton, 'Sponges Steeped in Vinegar: a note on the Collected Poems of R.A.K. Mason', Education, July 1963 (v.12, n.6), p.17
9Harley, 'R.A.K. Mason', p.160
10C. K. Stead, 'R.A.K. Mason's Poetry— some random observations', Comment, 16, July 1963 (v.4, n.4), p.38
11R.A.K. Mason, China. Script by R.A.K Mason for a Dance-drama by Margaret Barr. [Auckland: Times Printing Works, 1943], p. [1]; China Dances. Script by R. A. K. Mason for a Dance-drama by Margaret Barr, and other verses. Dunedin: John Mclndoe, 1962, pp.3-4
12Mason, 'Mr Kerridge Tries Culture', Landfall, Mar. 1948 (v.2, n.1), p.35
13See P. Harcourt, A Dramatic Appearance. New Zealand Theatre 1920-1970. Wellington: Methuen, 1978, pp.54-5, 85-7; J. A. Colquhoun, 'History of the Auckland Workers' Educational Association until the passing of the Adult Education Act, 1947'. MPhil thesis, University of Auckland, 1976, p.46
14'Penetrating Satire. Coming W.E.A. Production', People's Voice, 3 Nov. 1939, p.8. Programmes for productions of the Auckland WEA drama group in this period are held in Ephemera Collection: Theatre, 1940s. Auckland Institute and Museum Library; and by M. Lusty.page 263
15B. Mason, 'New Stages in Theatre', New Zealand's Heritage, part 95, p.2645
16A.R.D. Fairburn, quoted in D. Trussell, Fairburn. Auckland: Auckland University Press/Oxford University Press, 1984, p.44
17R. Bowie, quoted in Harcourt, A Dramatic Appearance, p. 55
18 Workers' Educational Association, Dominion of NZ. Nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first annual reports for the years ending 31st October 1933-45, p.31
19F.S., 'Notes By The Way', Tomorrow, 7 Dec. 1938 (v.5, n.3), p.73
20Ibid., pp.72-3;F.S., correspondence, ibid., 5 Jan. 1939 (v.5, n.5), p.16o
21News clipping, in Waiting for Lefty Scrapbook. Mason Papers: 5
22Mason Papers: 5
23'People's Theatre', New Zealand Herald, 2 Nov. 1936, p.14
24Rules of Peoples Theatre Incorporated, 23 Dec. 1936. People's Theatre. Papers. NZ Ms 821: folder 1. Auckland Public Library
25People's Theatre enrolment card. Mason Papers: 5
26E. Smee, correspondence, Tomorrow, 11 Oct. 1939 (v.5, n.25), p.800; People's Theatre. Programme, Waiting for Lefty, Dec. 1936. Ephemera Collection: Theatre, 1930s. Alexander Turnbull Library
27People's Theatre. Leaflet, [Oct. 1936]. Mason Papers: 5
28Mason, convenor, 'to members of the Constitution Committee'; minutes of meeting held at WEA, 3 Nov. 1936. Mason Papers: 5
29 People's Theatre Magazine, Dec. 1939 (v.1, n.1), p.15
30Manuscript notes. Mason Papers: 5
31Letter to V. Arnold, secretary, Sydney New Theatre League, 27 July 1937. People's Theatre Papers: 1
32Manuscript notes. Mason Papers: 5
33A.J.C. Fisher to secretary, People's Theatre, 12 Jan. 1938. People's Theatre Papers: 1
34 New Zealand Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic Review, 11 Nov. 1936, quoted in Waiting for Lefty programme, Dec. 1936.
35Manuscript notes. Mason Papers: 5
36Ibid.
37 People's Theatre Magazine, p.1
38'Working Class Play', Borer, Oct. 1937 (v.2, n.2), p.18
39'People's Theatre Success', Workers' Weekly, 25 June 1937, p.4 (reprinted from the New Zealand Herald)
40Report of annual meeting of the General Council, 15 July 1937. People's Theatre Papers: 1
41'Judgment Day. Unconvincing Drama', New Zealand Herald 27 June 1938, p.12
42Secretary, People's Theatre to J.E.D. McGuire, 21 Nov. 1937. People's Theatre Papers: 1
43 People's Theatre Magazine, p.8
44Harcourt, A Dramatic Appearance, p.66
45'Leftist Propaganda. Two Plays by Odets', Evening Star, 8 Dec. 1937, p.7
46'News and Views', Tomorrow, 13 Apr. 1938 (v.4, n.12), pp.354-5
47Ibid.
48Comments on playscripts, [nd]. People's Theatre Papers: 1
49I. Hamilton, Falls the Shadow. Auckland: Griffin Press, 1939
50"Tails the Shadow". A Criticism of People's Theatre Production', Workers' Weekly, 31 Mar. 1939, p.4
51F. Sargeson, 'Mr Hamilton's Play', Tomorrow, 12 Apr. 1939 (v.5, n.12), p.377
52 People's Theatre Magazine, p.5. Copies of the script of 'BMA' are in the Mason Papers: 3 and People's Theatre Papers: 1
53 People's Theatre Magazine, p.15
54Ibid., p.10
55Weir (R.A.K Mason, p.27) claims that Squire Speaks was written in 1928, but as Harley points out he offers no evidence for this assertion (Harley, 'R.A.K. Mason', pp.157-8)
56Mason, 'Service for the Fallen', People's Voice, 14 July 1939, p.7
57 People's Voice, 24 Nov. 1939, p.7. The script of 'Skull on Silence' is printed in full here.
58 People s Theatre Magazine, p.8page 264
59'P.W.D.', This Dark Will Lighten', People's Voice, 15 Sept. 1939, p.7
60New Theatre Group. Prospectus, 1945. Robert Lowry Papers. Ms Papers A-194: box 1, folder 6. University of Auckland Library; NewTheatre Group. Programme, 'China Dances' [etc], Oct. 1945. Ephemera Collection: Theatre, 1940s. Alexander Turnbull Library. Programmes for other Margaret Barr productions are held by M. Lusty.
61'China Dances' programme. A short profile of Margaret Barr appeared in In Print, 22 Oct. 1941, p.5. See also P. Herlinger, 'A new direction for "the New"?', Australasian Drama Studies, 8, Apr. 1986, p.108
62'China Dances' programme. The script of'Refugee' is in the Alexander Turnbull Library.
63 Tomorrow, 27 Apr. 1938 (v.4, n.13), pp.408-11
64Mason, 'Toilers Triumphant'. Mason Papers: 3
65Mason, This Bird May Swing', p.1. Mason Papers: 3
66Harley, 'Politics and Public Themes in New Zealand Literature 1930-1950, with special attention to Mulgan, Sargeson, Mason, Fairburn, Curnow'. PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 1980, p.161
67Mason, No New Thing. [Auckland]: Spearhead Publishers, 1934, p.[xxvii]
68J. Thomson, New Zealand Drama, 1930-1980. An Illustrated History. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1984, pp.16, 18
69 People's Voice, 7 July 1939, p.4
70Mason, 'God in Hell'. Mason Papers: 3
71Mason, 'BMA'
72Broughton, 'Sponges Steeped in Vinegar', p.17; Curnow, 'The Poetry of R.A.K. Mason'
73Mason, China, p.[1]
74Ibid.
75Letter to V. Arnold, 27 July 1937
76Ibid.
77Sargeson, 'Just a Few Hot-points', Tomorrow, 18 Aug. 1937 (v.3, n.21), p.657
78'Cancellation of Annual Meeting', Apr. 1940.  People's Theatre Papers: 1
79Hamilton People's Theatre. Programme, The Star Turns Red, [1941]. Ephemera Collection: Theatre, 1940s. Hamilton Public Library; Waikato Times, 23 Aug. 1941, p.11. All Hamilton People's Theatre programmes cited subsequently in these notes are in the Hamilton Public Library collection.
80 Waikato Times, 29 Sept. 1942, p.4; programme, The Plough and the Stars, Sept. 1942; Waikato Times, 30 May 1942, p.4
81'Anti-Fascist Play for Hamilton', Peoples Voice, 18 July 1943, p.7
82 Waikato Times, 28 Sept. 1940, p.13
83Programme, The Moon is Down, [1943] (and others)
84Ibid.; programme, They Came to a City, Sept. 1944
85Programme, What Say They, Sept. 1950
86Programme, Private Lives, [1952]
87 Waikato Times, 30 Sept., 9 & 7 Oct. 1942. Newspaper clippings, Hamilton Public Library
88 Waikato Times, 10 Dec. 1940, p.7
89 Manawatu EveningStandard, 4 Dec. 1939, p.6
90S., 'Auckland Braves Censors who were Waiting for Lefty', Tomorrow, 11 Nov. 1936 (v.3, n.1), p.21
91Herlinger, 'A new direction for "the New"?', p.100; H. W. Rhodes, 'Writers in Australia', Tomorrow, 17 Mar. 1937 (v.3, n.10), pp.307-8
92Fairburn, 'No Police Visit. Auckland Production of Anti-Nazi Play', New Zealand Observer, 17 June 1937, p.7
93'Auckland Braves Censors', p.21
94 Workers' Weekly, 18 July 1936, p.4
95Ibid., 1 Aug. 1936, p.2
96 Cappicade, 1936, p.23. The script of this and other Extravaganza shows, 1932-49, are held by P. Macaskill.
97 Cappicade, 1937, p.26
98 Spike, 1939 (v.38, n.67), p.38; R. Bailey. Interview with author, 3 May 1984. This incident is also recalled by J. McCreary. Interview with author, 24 May 1984
99'Radical Students' Play Packs Wellington page 265 Opera House', People's Voice, 24 May 1944, p.2
100 Cappicade, 1940, p.36
101 Spike, 1940 (v.39, n.68), p.46; Cappicade, 1940, pp.22, 28
102 Salient, ? 1940 (v.3, n.4), p.[9], ? 1940, (v.3, n.7), p. [6]
103 Cappicade, 1940, pp.34-5
104 Spike, 1940 (v.39, n.68), p.46
105 Cappicade, 1941, p.46
106 Cappicade, 1939, p.26
107 Spike, 1940 (v.39, n.68), p.46
108 Evening Post, 21 May 1938, p.28
109Ibid., 26 Apr. 1939, p.5
110'Radical Students' Play Packs Wellington Opera House', p.2
111K. Sinclair, A History of the University of Auckland, 1883-1983. Auckland: Auckland University Press/Oxford University Press, 1983, p.185
112 Spike, 1937 (v.37, n.65), p.79, 1938 (v.38, n.66), p.80
113Ibid., 1942 (v.41, n.70), p.33
114W. J. Scott, in P. Macaskill (ed.), Ako Pai. A Special Issue to Celebrate the Centenary of Wellington Teachers College 1880-1980. Wellington: Price Milburn for the Centennial Committee, Wellington Teachers College, 1980, p.59; Ako Pai, 1937, p.56; McCreary interview; P. Macaskill. Interview with author, 7 June 1984
115B. Mason, in Macaskill (ed.), Ako Pai, p.132
116R. Meek, 'Auden in the Theatre', Spike, 1941 (v.40, n.69), p.47
117P. Lowe. Interview with author, 22 June 1984
118L. Atkinson, 'Wellington and Unity Theatre'. Unpublished article, [nd]
119Mason, 'Wellington's Unity Theatre', Landfall, 34, June 1955 (v.9, n.2), p.156; Meek, correspondence, 21 May 1946. Unity Theatre Records. Ace 80/1: box 3. Alexander Turnbull Library
120McCreary interview
121Lowe interview; T. Easterbrook-Smith, in Macaskill, Ako Pai, p.124
122Scott, ibid., p.58
123Martin to I. McClymont, 22 Aug. 1964. I. McClymont. Private collection; 'Pageant' script, 1940. Ibid.
124 In Print, 22 Apr. 1942, p.6
125Unity Theatre constitution. Unity Theatre Records: series 4
126Mason, 'Founder-producer of Unity Theatre Dies in London', Dominion, 18 Nov. 1975, p.4
127Unity Theatre. Minute books, 1945-49. Unity Theatre Records: box 1
128'Wanted—People Keen on Stage Craft', In Print, 26 May 1943, p.2
129Ibid., 4 Nov. 1942, p.3
130Unity Theatre Group. Programme, Oct. 1942. Unity Theatre Records: box 2
131Programme for 'Three Playettes', Dec. 1942. Unity Theatre Records: box 2
132Programme, They Came to a City, [Nov. 1944]. Alexander Turnbull Library Ephemera
133Ibid.
134Unity Theatre. 'By-Laws or Rules', Feb. 1943.  Unity Theatre Records: series 4
135'Unity Theatre Advances', People's Voice, 15 Mar. 1944, p.8
136'Unity Theatre—A Progressive Force', ibid., 6 Sept. 1944, p.2
137Bailey interview
138Martin to McClymont, 22 Aug. 1964
139McClymont. Interview with author, 8 May 1984
140Unity Theatre minutes, 3 Dec. 1945.
141Meek to H. Martin, [nd], quoted in Martin to McClymont, 22 Aug. 1964
142Martin to McClymont, ibid.
143Bailey interview
144Ibid.
145A. Bagley. Interview with author, 25 Apr. 1984
146'Wanted—People Keen on Stage Craft'
147'"They Came to a City"', People s Voice, 29 Nov. 1944, p.3; programme [nd]. Unity Theatre Records: box 2; Bagley interview. See also O. Gray. Exit Left. Memoirs of a Scarlet Woman. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin, 1985, pp.123-9
148Meek to Martin, quoted in Martin to McClymont, 22 Aug. 1964page 266
149'Plays for To-Day', In Print, 4 Nov. 1942, p.3
150Programme, Juno and the Paycock, Apr. [1946]. Alexander Turnbull Library Ephemera
151Hamilton People's Theatre. Programme, The Plough and the Stars, Sept. 1942.
152Mason, 'Founder-producer of Unity Theatre Dies'; 'Wellington's Unity Theatre', p.155
153Ibid., p. 158
154Unity Theatre minutes, 4 Apr. 1948
155J. M. Mason and M. J. Staffan, Unity Theatre Presents. Wellington: Unity Theatre (Inc.), 1966, p.12
156Mason, 'Founder-producer of Unity Theatre Dies'
157Mason, 'Wellington's Unity Theatre', p.156
158 Evening Post, 16 Aug. 1946, p.11
159 Yearbook of the Arts in New Zealand, v.2, 1946, p.106
160Unity Theatre minutes of special general meeting, 14 Sept. 1946
161Meek, correspondence, 21 May 1946; editor, EveningPost to Meek, 16 May 1946. Unity Theatre Records: box 3
162Unity Theatre minutes, 1 Nov. 1947
163Programme, Our Town, Mar. 1949. Alexander Turnbull Library Ephemera
164 Evening Post, 5 Sept. 1949, p.6
165Bailey interview
166Mason and Staffan, Unity Theatre Presents, p.11
167Ibid.
168A. Beaglehole, A Small Price to Pay. Refugees from Hitler in New Zealand 1936-46, Wellington: Allen & Unwin/Histori-cal Branch, Department oflnternal Affairs, 1988, p.1
169G. Texidor, In Fifteen Minutes You Can Say A Lot. Selected Fiction. Ed. and with an introduction by K. Smithyman. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1987, pp.208-9
170Quoted in Mason and Staffan, Unity Theatre Presents, p.29
171McClymont interview
172Unity Theatre minutes, 1 May 1946
173Mason, 'Founder-producer of Unity Theatre Dies'
174'Theatre in New Zealand', New Zealand Listener, 2 Sept. 1949 (v.21, n.532), p.9
175Mason, 'The Cultural Environment in New Zealand: Theatre', 14 July 1970. Bruce Mason Papers: box 5. Victoria University of Wellington Library
176Mason, 'New Stages in Theatre', p.2645; Mason, quoted in Mason and Staffan, Unity Theatre Presents, p.1
177Herlinger, 'A new direction for "the New"?', p.105
178Atkinson, 'Wellington and Unity Theatre', p.8
179Programme, They Came to a City, Nov.-Dec. [1944]
180Mason and Staffan, Unity Theatre Presents, p.19
181Mason, 'New Stages in Theatre', p.2651
182Quoted in Mason and Staffan, Unity Theatre Presents, p.38
183Ibid., p.17
184B. Mason and J. Pocock, Theatre in Danger. A Correspondence. Hamilton: Paul's Book Arcade Ltd, 1957, p.26