page 444

Index

A

• Adzes. See Stones adzes.
• Ahi o hurihanga, a tapu ceremonial fire, 215.
• Ahi purakau rite performed by tree-fellers, 77.
• Ahi tumuwhenua rite performed by tree-fellers, 77.
• Ahau, or semblance, of canoe utilized in rites, 221.
• Alia craft of Samoa, 341.
• Ama (outrigger), 41.
• Amatiatia, form of raft, 196, 197.
• Amatiatia, meaning of term, 41.
• Anchor cables, 274, 279.
• Anchor of "Matahorua," 279.
• Anchor of "Takitumu," 278.
• Anchor of "Tokomaru," 273.
• Anchors, 135, 197, 273.
  • Different forms of, 273, 276, 277, 278.
  • How heavy forms were lifted, 276.
  • Named, 275, 277, 278.
  • Of "Arawa," 278.
  • Rarely decorated with carved designs, 278. See also Sea-anchors; Punga.
• Ani Hiko, 179.
• "Aniuwaru" canoe, 222.
• "Aotea" canoe an outrigger craft, 61, 402.
• "Aotea" canoe reaches New Zealand, 403. See also Sunday Island.
• "Ara tauwhaiti" canoe reaches New Zealand, 417.
• Ara tauwhaiti o Tane, 20.
• "Aratawhao" canoe sails to Polynesia, 416.
• "Arawa"—
  • A double canoe, 61.
  • Interesting sketch of, 398.
  • Burning of, 399.
  • Projections on prow of, 296, 325, 398.
  • Reaches New Zealand, 396, 397.
• Asiatic-Polynesian parallels, 79.
• Atua brought on "Takitumu," 405.
• Atua invoked by tree-fellers. 80.
• Atua invoked by voyagers, 222, 223. See also Gods.
• Austral Group, canoes of, 296.
• Awa moana rite, 220, 221.
• Awhiorangi, a venerated stone adze, 413.
• Awningof canoe, 135, 136, 379, 412.
• Awningof Tahitian canoe, 317.
• Awning erected at sea, 379.

B

• Bailers and bailing, 247.
• Bailing-wells, 159.
• Balance-platform, 284, 293, 317, 343, 344, 360, 361, 368, 372.
  • Double, 367, 371.
  • Double replace outriggers, 284.
• Balista employed in tree-felling, 83, 84.
• Balsa rafts of Peru, 200, 203. See also Rafts.
• Bark canoe, 193.
• Battens blackened by charring, 163.
• Battens, feather decorations on, 129.
• Bishop Selwyn rides a raft, 198.
• Bishop Selwyn rides his air-mattress down the Whanga-nui River, 202.
• Blackpaint made from soot, 164.
• Boat-knees, early forms of, 66, 132, 293, 303, 321, 324, 335, 337, 343. See also under Development.
• Boat formed of bulrushes, 199.
• Bow of Maori canoe sometimes decked, 269. See also Decking; Floor.
• Breaking joints an important process, 122.
• Broughton's account of Moriori craft, 207.

C

• Cabins or hutlets on canoes, 31, 33, 322. 334, 338, 340, 341, 348, 353, 359, 360, 361, 372.
• Canoe—
  • An unsuitable term, 18.
  • Attachment of fittings, 70, 378, 380.
  • Becomes tapu, 61. See also under Tapu.
  • Building at Tahiti, 318; at Hawaii, 329.
  • Canoe 110 ft. long, 62.
  • Capsizing of, 262.
  • Cenotaphs, 60, 218.
  • Cenotaph at Nga Uranga, 218.
  • Coffins, 218, 301.
  • Fleets, 62, 67, 172, 188, 312, 313, 328, 336, 355.
  • Fittings, how blackened, 162, 164.
  • Guided by atua, 405, 406.
  • Hauling, 59, 70, 95, 101.
  • Hauling-songs, 104 on.
  • Hewn out in forest, 94, 98.
  • Hulls, how lengthened, 112. See also Haumi.
  • In rough sea, manipulation of, 238, 379, 380.
  • Made to avenge a defeat, 216, 217.
  • Model of, employed in placatory rite 219.page 445
  • Names of parts of, 115, 122, 125, 134, 136, 142, 148, 160, 185, 422.
  • Prepared for storm, 230, 379, 382.
  • Poling, 269, 271.
  • Races, 191.
  • Rafts of New Guinea, 366.
  • Rites performed over, prior to voyage, 222, 405, 406.
  • Sails, 28, 29, 52, 54, 57, 58. See also Sails; Sailing; Lateen sail.
  • Sheds, 190, 311.
    • Songs, 58, 171, 239, 240.
  • Single, reaches New Zealand, 394. See also Aotea.
  • Used as a food-dish, 193.
  • Wrecked, is property of finders, 188.
• Canoe-making—
  • Camps, 74.
  • Decadence of, 66.
  • Construction of "Takitumu," 404.
  • Offset measurements made, 97.
• Canoes—
  • Come to land stern first, 240, 246.
  • Double. See Double canoes.
  • Found in forest, 98, 193.
  • From New Zealand reach other isles, 418. See also Aratawhao.
  • How braced, 121.
  • How hollowed out, 69.
  • How lowered down steep inclines, 104.
  • Large, 51, 53, 55, 58, 61, 67, 168, 173, 288, 289, 311, 312, 321, 329, 330, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 340, 343, 347, 348, 353, 356, 365, 376.
  • Named, 59.
  • Of Admiralty Isles, 368.
  • Of Andaman Islands, 377.
  • Of Austral Group, 296.
  • Of Borneo, 375.
  • Of Caroline Islands, 370.
  • Of Celebes, 375.
  • Of Ceylon and India, 376.
  • Of Chatham Isles, 205, 208.
  • Of Cook Group, 286.
  • Of early inhabitants of New Zealand, 20.
  • Of Easter Island, 302.
  • Of Ellice Group, 300.
  • Of Fiji, 347.
  • Of Gilbert Group, 344.
  • Of Hawaiian Isles, 326.
  • Of Ladrones, 373.
  • Of Loyalty Isles, 345.
  • Of Mangaia, 290.
  • Of Manihiki, 293.
  • Of Marquesas Group, 323; partitions in, 324.
  • Of Micronesia, 369.
  • Of New Caledonia, 360.
  • Of New Guinea, 366.
  • Of New Hebrides, 357.
  • Of New Ireland, 365.
  • Of New Zealand—
    • Allied to those of northern isles, 15.
    • Early descriptions of, 51.
    • Few superior ones preserved, 17.
    • Origin of, 19, 20.
    • Small amount of data concerning obsolete forms, 17.
    • Three main classes of, 24.
    • With divisions, 28.
  • Of Niue Island, 292.
  • Of North Australia, 283.
  • Of Pacific area, 282.
  • Of Paumotu Group, 320.
  • Of Pelew Islands, 375.
  • Of Polynesia, 17, 286; double-prowed, 285.
  • Of Rapa Island, 296.
  • Of Rotuma, 346.
  • Of Samoan Islands, 339.
  • Of Santa Cruz Group, 358.
  • Of Society Group, 304.
  • Of Solomon Islands, 363.
  • Of South-east Asia, 375, 376.
  • Of Tonga Group, 331; carrying 150 to 200 persons, 335.
  • Of Tongareva, 298.
  • Of Woodlark Island, 20.
  • Ownership of, 21.
  • Reach New Zealand, 386 on.
  • Rites connected with, 62, 96, 107, 108, 109, 144, 165, 166, 167, 213, 220, 221, 248, 347, 412. See also Seafaring.
  • Sail close to wind, 286, 354.
  • Tapu of. See Tapu.
  • Terms applied to, 20.
  • To New Zealand, list of, 415.
  • Traditionary description of, 134, 135. See also Double canoes; Fishing-canoes; River-canoes; Waka; War-canoes.
• Cant lashings of strakes, 130, 131, 132, 194, 348. See also Lashings.
• Carved design under prow, 147, 148, 149.
• Carvel-built craft, 339, 343.
• Caulking-implement, 127.
• Caulking seams, 69, 127, 131.
• Cenotaphs, canoes used as, 60, 218.
• Ceremonial pertaining to canoes. See Canoes.
• Charms—
  • Repeated by bailers, 248.
  • Repeated by canoe-haulers, 106, 107, 108.
  • Repeated by seafarers, 220, 221, 222, &c.
  • Repeated by tree-fellers, 73, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82.
  • To bring wind, 243.
  • To protect trees, 73.
• Chatham Islands, peculiar craft of, 66, 205, 206.page 446
• Chatham Islands discovered by Polynesians, 392.
• Coffins fashioned from canoes, 218, 301.
• Colenso's coastal trip, 238.
• Compass-points, Maori and Moriori, 383.
• Course steered from eastern Polynesia to New Zealand, 413. See also Steering.
• Crew of deep-sea craft, duties of, 408, 410.
• Currents tested by voyagers, 379.

D

• Decked canoes, 360.
• Decking or grating of Maori canoe, 70, 157, 159, 160. See also Floor.
• Decking, development of, 269, 296, 333, 334, 336, 339, 345, 348, 351, 353.
• Deep-sea vessels of Tongans, 333, 336, 338.
• Deep-sea voyages, length of, 310. See also Polynesian voyagers; Voyagers; Voyages.
• Development of built-up boat, 293. 304, 321, 324, 326, 334, 344, 352, 354, 356, 362, 367. See also Boat-knees.
• Device to clamp top-strakes home, 120.
• Divinatory rite, 166.
• Double canoes—
  • Crew occupied platform of, 289.
• Distribution of, 34.
  • Moriori knowledge of, 35.
  • Of New Zealand, 23, 24. 29, 61, 64, 254.
    • Fall into disuse, 29, 31, 32, 33.
    • Late use of, 34.
    Of Caroline Islands, 370.
  • Of Cook Group, 286, 288.
  • Of Fiji, 351.
  • Of New Caledonia, 360.
  • Of Tahiti, 307, 308, 314, 316, 317.
  • Of Tonga, 331, 338.
  • Platform surrounded by barrier on, 289, 331, cf. 346.
  • Reach New Zealand, 61, 394.
  • Seen on South Island coasts, 26, 28, 29, 30.
  • Seen off Whale Island, 26, 27.
  • Sheds built on, 31, 33. See also Cabins.
• Double outrigger, 39, 375, 377.
  • At Samoa, 343.
  • In Maori tradition, 378, 379, 380. See also under Outrigger.
• Double prowed vessels, 338, 370.
• Drag-ropes of canoe, how secured, 103.
• Drift logs at Hawaii, 331.
• Drift voyagers to New Zealand, 64.
• Drift voyages from New Zealand, 416.
• Drill, Maori form of, 126, 127.

E

• Elevated platform on canoes, 286, 289, 313, 314, 338, 340, 350, 353. See also Platform.
• European vessels, 193, 195, 319. See also Ships.
• Experts warn crew in rough sea, 379.

F

• Feather decorations—
  • On battens of top-strakes, 129.
  • On prow, 55, 144.
  • On stern-piece, 151, 152.
• Figureheads, 48, 50, 52, 54, 142; carving of, 144, 145.
• Fijian canoes, 347.
• Fijian method of lashing strakes, 131.
• Fijian natives not deep-sea voyagers, 356.
• Fire employed in hollowing out canoes, 93.
• Fire-generating sticks carried by deep-sea voyagers, 408.
• Fireplaces in canoes, 360.
• Fire-rack employed in tree-felling, 86.
• Fire, sacred, 215; employed in tree-felling rites, 77.
• Fishing-canoes, 24, 49, 176.
  • Fitted with fish-baskets, 178, 179, 180.
  • How anchored, 274.
• Fishing-rafts, 197. See also Rafts.
• Flat-sided craft, 370. See also Prau.
• Fleets of canoes, 62, 67, 172, 188, 312, 313, 328, 336, 355.
• Floats of bulrush, 198. See also Mokihi; Rafts; Reed boats.
• Floats of Chatham Isles, 205 on.
• Floor or deck of canoe, 69, 157. Methods of supporting, 158, 160. See also Decking.
• Flying-fish, how taken, 288.
• Fuglemen of paddling crews, 62, 229, 237, 241.

G

• Genealogy, Toi to Tara, &c., 391.
• Gilbert Group, canoes of, 344.
• Gods carried in canoes, 216, 405.
• Gods of the Maori, 406. See also Atua.
• Greenstone, discovery of, 387.
• Greenstone known at Rarotonga, 401.
• Gum used in caulking, 127.

H

• Haruatai, an atua, 406.
• Haumi of canoe-hull, 69, 112; how secured, 113, 114.
• Haumi kokomo, dovetailed join of hull, 114.
• Haumi tuporo, butt join of hull, 113.
• Hawaiian Isles, canoes of, 326.
• Hawaiki-tautau, a name for New Zealand, 417.
• Henley canoe, 42, 358.
• Hewing, process of, 93, 304.
• Hewn surface left ribbed, 100.
• Hine-korako, Hine-makehu, the Moon Maidens, 406.
• Hine-moana, the Ocean Maid, 22.
• Hine-rakai reaches New Zealand from Polynesia, 395.page 447
• Hoe. See Paddles.
• Hoe matua, 410.
• Hoe tairanga, 247.
• Hoeroa used as a paddle, 233.
• Hoe whakaara, 230, 379, 410.
• Hoe whakatere, steering-oar, 410.
• Hoe whakaumu, 247.
• Hollowing-out process, 89.
• "Horouta" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 414.
• "Houama" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 394.
• Huhunu, double canoe, 33.
• Hull. See Haumi.
  • Narrow hulls of Santa Cruz canoes, 358, 359.
• Human sacrifice for new canoe, 63, 97, 165, 167, 347.
• Hurdle race in canoes, 192.

I

• Ihiihi wands attached to prow, 55, 144.
• Io, the Supreme Being, invoked, 80.

K

• Kaha or mauri of vessel, 213. See also Mauri; Mawe.
• Kaipuke, 193. See also Pora; Puke.
• Kaituki or kaihautu of canoe, 62, 229, 237, 242.
• "Karaerae" canoe, 405.
• Karaka brought on "Aotea", 402.
• Kawa rite over new canoe, 165.
• Keel-piece or hull of Polynesian craft small, 303, 309.
• Kiwa invoked by voyagers, 223.
• Kokowai, or ochre, 162.
• Korewa, outrigger, 40. See also Double outrigger; Outrigger.
• Kupe—
  • Anchor of, at Porirua, 279, 387.
  • At Porirua, 387.
  • At Wellington, 387.
  • Discovers greenstone, 387.
  • Finds New Zealand uninhabited, 388.
  • To New Zealand, 387.
• "Kurahaupo" (vessel), description of, 392.
• "Kurahaupo" reaches New Zealand, 392, 393.

L

• Lakatoi canoe-rafts of New Guinea, 367.
• Lashing carvel-built vessels a widespread practice, 66.
• Lashing, Maori method of, 122, 130, 131, 294,
  • At Tahiti, 312, 316.
• Lashings passed through knobs on inner side of planks, 357.
• Lashings, rim or cant, 131, 133, 295, 348.
  • At Fiji, 352, 353.
  • At Samoa, 339, 343.
  • At Tonga, 331, 333, 334.
• Lateen sail, 258, 259, 260, 262, 265, 320, 348, 359, 366, 373, 374, 377, 412.
  • At Tonga, 331, 335.
  • In New Zealand. See Ra kaupaparu. See also Canoe sails; Lateen sail; Sails; Sailing.
• Launching canoe, 164.
• Leeboards, 266, 317; of Peruvian balsa, 203, 204.
• Lizard in carving, 138.
• Lobster-pots, 197.
• Log-rolling devices, 90.
• Log-splitting, 117, 141.
• Loyalty Isles, canoes of, 345.

M

• Mahanga=double canoe, 30.
• "Mahanga a Tuamatua" canoe, 395.
• Mahau, canoe-awning, 135, 136, 379, 412.
• Mahora nui atea, a term applied to the ocean, 22.
• Manaia and Nuku reach New Zealand, 394.
• Mangaia, canoes of, 290.
• Manihiki Isle, canoes of, 293.
• Maori and Mouriuri intermarry, 393.
• Maori, long isolation of, in New Zealand, 1.
• Maori voyagers, 1. See also Polynesian voyagers.
• "Mapouriki" canoe reaches New Zealand, 395.
• Marae nui atea, the ocean, 22.
• Marquesas Group, canoes of, 323.
• Marsh's sketch of "Arawa" canoe, 325.
• Mast 68 ft. in length, 353.
• Masts, 310, 321.
  • A fixture in pahi of Paumotu, 315.
  • How braced, 258.
  • Names for, 255, 256.
  • Of vessel named, 411.
  • Tripod, 366.
  • Two employed, 306, 314, 321, 323, 355.
• "Matahorua" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 387.
• Matairangi, or pennant, 264, See also Pennant.
• "Mata o Turoa" canoe, 173.
• "Matatua" canoe known at Rarotonga, 401, 402.
• "Matatua" reaches New Zealand, 401.
• Maungaroa, anchor of Kupe's vessel, 279, 387.
• Mauri of sea-going vessels, 213, 399. See also Kaha; Mawe.
• Mawe of sea-going vessels, 213. See also Kaha; Mauri.
• Mechanical contrivances, 120, 121. See also Balista; Log rolling; Mimiro; Tree-felling.
• Melanesian canoes, 346.
• Melanesians reach New Zealand, 394.page 448
• Mending or patching canoes, 69, 185.
• Methodsof propulsion, 226.
• Micronesia, canoes of, 369.
• Migrantsfrom New Zealand to Polynesia, 393, 394, 416, 418.
• Mimiro implement for tightening lashings, 123. See also Tanekaha.
• Moa known at Rarotonga, 402.
• Moa slain by Ngahue, 388.
• Moana nui a Kiwa, the ocean, 21.
• Mohi Turei's canoe notes, 47.
• Mokihi, rafts and floats, 196, 197.
• Mokihi in Auckland Museum, 202.
• Mokihi of boat-like form, 198.
• Mokihi of Chatham Isles, 205 on.
  • Ceremonial use of, 205. See also Balsa; Rafts.
• Moon Maidens, 406.
• Moriori canoes, See Chatham Islands.
• Moriori compass, 383.
• Mouriuri folk, homeland of, 389.
• Mouriuri folk settle in New Zealand, 389, 390.
• Mou-te-rangi sails for Polynesia, 417.
• Mythical ocean guides, 406, 407. See also Ocean monsters.

N

• Native artists delineate canoes, 325, 327.
• Net frames in fishing-canoes, 159.
• New Guinea, canoes of, 366.
• New Guinea—New Zealand parallels, 20, 155.
• New Hebrides, canoes of, 357.
• New Zealand, discovery of, 386.
• Ngahue kills a moa, 388.
• Ngahue known at Rarotonga, 401.
• Ngahue, reaches New Zealand, 387.
• Ngao-tu style of hewing, 99, 100, 111.
• Ngapuhi account of canoe-making, 68.
• Ngutuau folk reach North Island, 64, 395,
• Niue Island, canoes of, 292.
• Nuku reaches New Zealand, 394.
• Nuku returns to Polynesia, 394.

O

• Oars replacing paddles, 326.
• Oars used at Admiralty Group, 369.
• Oars used at Cook isles, 289. See also Hoe; Paddles; Steering-oars.
• Ocean—
  • Guardians of, 22.
  • Monsters aid voyagers, 221. See Mythical ocean guides.
  • Personified in Hine-moana, 22.
  • Terms applied to, 22.
• Offerings to gods, 167.
• Omens, 243.
• "Otuiti," a canoe of great size, 62.
• "Oturereao" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 395.
• Outrigger—
  • Double, 39, 375, 377; mentioned in Maori tradition, 134, 136, 378, 380. See also Double outrigger.
    • At Samoa, 343.
    • Formerly a Polynesian usage, 39.
    • Range of, 39, 284.
  • Known in Europe in ancient times, 41.
  • Raft 195, 196, 198.
  • Range of, 37, 283.
  • Terms for, 36, 40.
  • Vessels of India, ancient, 38.
  • Vessels of New Zealand, 23, 36, 41, 358.
    • Fell into disuse, 40.
    • Late use of, 36.
    • One specimen preserved, 41, 358.
    • Seen by Cook at Te Mahia, 36.
    • Seen by Cook at Queen Charlotte Sound, 36, 53, 54.
  • Vessels of New Hebrides, 45.
  • Vessels of Samoa, 342.
  • Vessels, range of, 37, 282.
• Outriggers, 286, 293, 302, 317, 345, 358, 360, 363, 365, 369, 375, 376, 377.
  • Fixedat sea, 379, 380.
  • Mentioned in Maori tradition, 134, 135. See also Balance-platform; Double outrigger.
• Outriggerless single canoes, 282.
  • Of New Guinea, 366.
  • Of New Zealand, 23, 46.
  • Of Solomon Islands, 364.
• Outriggerless single canoes, three types of, 24, 46.

P

• Paddle-wheel boat, first in New Zealand waters, 195.
• Paddlers, five accommodated on thwart, 62.
• Paddlers, 144 seen in Tahitian vessels, 313.
• Paddles, 52, 136, 226, 247, 375, 410. See Hoe; Oars.
  • Adorned with carved designs, 232, 298.
  • Adorned with charred designs, 232.
  • Adorned with painted designs, 232, 234.
  • Materials of, 226.
  • Names of, 227, 247.
  • Of Austral Group carved, 298.
  • Of Easter Island, 302.
  • Of Hawaiian Isles, 327, 330.
  • Of Marquesas Group, 324.
  • Of Pacific Isles, 246, 247.
  • Of Tongan Group, 335.
  • Serve as leeboards, large, 318.
  • Steering, 227, 230. See also Steering-oars.
• Paddling, 58, 62, 139, 171, 184, 230, 235, 237, 239, 242, 243, 301, 410.
  • Rate of, 62, 266, 267, 355, 363, 371, 375, Songs, 239, 241. See also Canoe-songs.
  • "Paea, Puke o Te" (Ship of Te Paea=Cook's vessel), 194.
• "Paepae ki Rarotonga" canoe, 395, 416.page 449
• Pahi, deep-sea craft, 194, 286, 307, 309, 315, 320. See also Waka pahi.
• Painting canoes, 70, 161.
• Paints employed by Maori, 161, 162, 164.
• Parata of canoe, 149.
• Parbuckle-device for log-rolling, 92.
• Paumotu Group, vessels of, 320.
• Pennantor streamer at masthead, 264.
• Pennant, feather, 310.
• Peopling of New Zealand, 385.
• Peruvians reach Galapagos Isles on rafts, 203.
• Placatory ceremonial use of rude canoe, 205, 206.
• Platforms of double canoes, 329, 330, 337. 338, 351.
• Platforms over cabins on double canoes, 338, 340, 348, 353. See also Elevated platforms; Balance-platforms; Double canoes.
• Poipoi device for rolling logs, 90.
• Poling canoes, 269.
• Poling canoes in deep water, 270, 271.
• Polynesia, vessels of, 296.
• Polynesian area of Pacific, 1.
• Polynesian voyagers, 1, 2, 285, 310, 347, 355, 378, 384, 389 on, 419.
• Polynesian voyagers reach New Zealand, 64, 222, 310, 386 on, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 413, 416.
• Pora, a ship, 46. See also Kaipuke; Puke.
• Pora, certain fittings of canoes, 33, 46, 329.
• Portages, canoe, 59, 99.
• Poupaka, the deep-sea voyager, 386.
• Pourangahua sails for Polynesia, 417.
• Prau, or proa, of Indonesia, &c., 266, 267. 354, 370.
• Prau, or proa, of Micronesia, 354, 370.
• Projections left in canoe-hull as maunga taura, 290.
• Projectionson canoe-prows, 295, 300, 324, 325, 334, 342, 398.
• Projections on prow of "Te Arawa," 296, 325, 395.
• Prophecies of advent of ships, 319.
• Propulsion, methods of, 226.
• Proverbs, &c., 21, 50, 88, 186, 226, 272.
• Prow—
  • Carved design under, 147, 148, 149. See also Shell ornaments.
  • Projections on. See Projections.
  • Wands or rods attached to. See Ihiihi; Feather decorations; Figureheads.
• Puhi decorations of stern-piece, 151, 152.
• Puhi kai ariki, 151, 152.
• Puhi moana ariki, 151, 152.
• Puke as a name for ships, 194. See also Kaipuke Pora.
• "Puke o Te Paea" (Cook's vessel), 194.
• "Puketea-wainui" canoe reaches New Zealand, 400.
• Punga, or anchor, 273. See also Anchors.
• Punga korewa, 277, 278.
• Punga kowhao, 275, 278.
• Punga terewai, 278.
• Punga tutoro, 278.
• Punga whakawhenua, 277, 278.
• Punga (myth), offspring of, 246.
• Puwaikura stone, 279.

R

• Rafts, 40, 195. See also Floats; Mokihi; Reed boats.
  • Bulrush, boat-like form of, 198.
  • Curious double form of, 196.
  • Employed in fishing, 198.
• Ra kaupaparu, or lateen sail of New Zealand, 258, 260, 262. See also Sails.
• Ra kautu form of sail of New Zealand, 258. See also Sails.
• "Rangiahua" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 395.
• Rata, ceremony performed over vessel of, 223.
• Rata fells his tree three times, 78, 79.
• Ratlines used on Paumotu vessels, 322.
• Rauawa, or top-strakes, 116. See also Top-strakes.
• Raumati and "Arawa" canoe, 399.
• Reed boats of Peru and Mesopotamia, 200. See also Floats; Mokihi.
• Rim or cant lashings of strakes, 131, 133, 134, 294, 348. See also Lashings.
• "Ririno" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 403, 416.
• "Riu-kakara" canoe, 395.
• River-canoes, 183, 184.
• "Rona-waiwai" (vessel) sails for Polynesia, 416.
• Rona-whakamau-tai, the Tide-controller, 21. See also Tangaroa.
• Rongo-huakai, origin of sharks, 221.
• Rongokako returns to Polynesia, 417.
• Rongo-marae-roa, 22.
• Ropes of Cordyline leaves, 103.
• Ruawharo seeks Te Mahia, 413, 414.

S

• Sail—
  • British Museum specimen of Maori form, 263.
  • Of Tonga, 90 ft. by 60 ft., 336.
  • Tenders, 263.
• Sailing—
  • Craft of Tonga, how managed, 337.
  • Close to wind, 332.
  • Great leeway made in, 286.
  • Rate of canoes, 266, 267, 268, 301, 332, 336, 339, 340, 355, 371, 374.
  • Tongan method of, 337.
• Sails and sailing, 172, 228, 251, 262, 286, 300, 360, 366, 378, 379, 380.
  • Arrowhead, 360, 362.
  • Crab-claw, 256.
  • Cumbrous, 350.
  • Half-moon, 256.page 450
  • How made, 255, 260.
  • Lateen. See Lateen.
  • Materials of, 254, 261.
  • Names of different forms of, 251, 258.
  • Of double canoes of Fiji, 349.
  • Of Hawaiian canoes, 326, 328.
  • Of important canoes named, 410.
  • Of Maori canoes. See Ra.
  • Of Marquesas canoes, 325.
  • Of Peruvian coast, triangular, 203.
  • Of Tahitian canoes, 308, 310, 318.
  • Rectangular, 366.
• Triangular—
  • In Indonesia, 284.
  • In New Zealand. See Ra kautu.
  • On Peruvian coast, 203.
• Two employed, 170. See also Canoe-sails; Lateen sails; Ra.
• Samoan canoes, 339.
• Scarf in tree-felling, 86.
• Scrolls on canoe-prows in Borneo, 236.
• Sculls used by Fijians, 356.
• Sea-anchors, use of 230, 378. See also Anchors; Punga.
• Seafaring, ceremonies connected with, 220, 221, 382, 405, 406. See also Canoes.
• Sea-fights, 58, 190, 315.
• Sea-fights off Pukerua, Cook Strait, 394.
• Seasoning canoe-timbers, 175, 404.
• Sea stores, 251, 310.
• Seines, large, 34.
• Shakes, how plugged, 69. See also Mending canoes.
• Sharks, names of, 221. See also Rongo-huakai.
• Shell ornaments on canoe-prow, 340, 343, 353, 364, 365, 375.
• Ship measured by natives, 194.
• Ship scause amazement, 194, 195.
• Ships, prophecies of coming of, 319.
• Ships to New Zealand, early, 195. See also Kaipuke; "Puke o Te Paea": Pora.
• Shrouds and ratlines on vessels of Paumotu Group, 322.
• Skids carried by voyagers, 412.
• Skids of parapara, why preferred, 103, 104.
• Skids sometimes named, 101.
• Songs, hauling, 104 on. See also Canoe-songs; Paddling-songs.
• Splitting logs, 71, 117, 141, 299, 305.
• Splitting-wedges, 141.
• Star boat of Maori myth, 21.
• Star experts carried on deep sea vessels, 408.
• Star lore, 21.
• Star lore of Tahitians, 312.
• Starting places of vessels sailing from New Zealand to Polynesia, 397
• Steering, 227, 244, 381.
  • By heavenly bodies, 308, 312. See also Course steered.
  • By wind and wave trend, 378, 379.
• Steering-device of canoes of Mangaia, 291.
• Steering-oars, 227, 230, 410. See also Hoe; Oars; Paddles.
• Steering-oars serve as leeboards, 318. See also Leeboards.
• Steer-oars, several used, 313, 318, 355.
• Steersmen, eight sometimes employed, 313
• Steersmen, elevated platforms for, 300.
• Stern-pieces of canoes, 51, 53, 150. See also Feather decorations.
• Stone adzes, 89, 93, 413.
  • Ceremonial use of, at sea, 413.
  • Famous, 81.
  • Rotatory, 99.
  • Use of, 89, 93, 97. See also Hewing.
• Stone anchors, 197. See also Anchors.
• Stone axes, 99.
• Stones, names of, 279.
• Stones of "Tainui" at Kawhia, 400.
• Storms, how encountered by voyagers, 230, 379, 381, 382.
• Stump of felled tree covered, 81.
• Sunday Island, "Aotea" called at, 402.
• Sunday Island, stone artifacts found at, 402.
• Surf, how canoes were landed through, 381.
• Surf-boards of Marquesas, 326.
• Swimming-powers of Polynesians, 204.

T

• "Tana rakau," a wooden vessel, 408.
• Tahi-o-te-rangi sails from White Island on a whale's back, 407.
• Tahiti, canoes of, 304.
• Tahora-nui-atea, a term for the ocean, 22.
• Tahuaroa, a term for the ocean, 22.
• "Tainui" (vessel)—
  • At Kawhia, 400.
  • Known at Rarotonga, 401.
  • Known at Tahiti, 401.
  • Stones at Kawhia mark length of, 281.
• Takawhiti device for rolling logs, 90. See also Log-rolling.
• Taki-a-manu, or parbuckle-device, 92. See also Log-rolling.
• "Takitumu" canoe, 138.
  • An outrigger craft, 411.
  • At Te Mahia, 414.
  • Atua of, 406, 407, 408.
  • Charms repeated over, 223.
  • Construction of, 404, 411.
  • Crew of, 409.
  • Description of, 409.
  • Guided by atua, 408.
  • Reaches New Zealand, 403.
  • Tohunga of, 408, 409.
  page 451
• Talisman of vessel. See Kaha; Mauri; Mawe.
• Tama-ahua returns to Polynesia, 393, 416.
• Tama-ahua seeks greenstone, 393.
• Tamanu tree, of Polynesia, 322.
• Tama-rereti and his canoe, 21.
• Tamatea-ariki of "Takitumu," 404, 409.
• Tane as progenitor of trees, 75, 78.
• Tane, placation of, by tree-fellers, 76, 108, 109.
• Tane versus Tangaroa, 246.
• Tanekaha implement for tightening lashings, 132. See also Mimiro.
• Tangaroa, the Tide-controller, 21. See also Rona.
• "Tangi-apakura" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 394.
• Tapu, 407.
  • Effect of disregarding, 215.
  • Of canoes, 61, 62, 167, 215, 405, 412.
  • Of canoe-making, 68, 82, 95, 96, 97, 98.
  • Of stone adzes, 81.
  • Of tree-felling, 77, 78.
• "Tarai-po" canoe, 403.
• Tasman's description of double canoes of New Zealand, 24.
• Tauihu, 142. See also Figureheads.
• Taumaha rite, 77.
• Taurapa of canoe, 150. See also Stern-piece.
• Taurua, a double canoe, 32.
• "Tauwhare-puru" a great canoe of Whanganui, 175.
• "Tawiri-rangi" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 387.
• "Te Heke Rangatira" canoe, 126, 129, 179.
• Thwarts of canoe, 137.
• Thwarts of important vessels named, 409, 410.
• Tide-controllers in Maori myth, 21.
• Timbers used for canoes, 71, 72.
• Timber-wise experts, 72, 73.
• Tiwakawaka arrives at Whakatane, 417.
• Tohunga of "Takitumu," 407, 408.
• Toi—
  • Discovers Chatham Isles, 392.
  • Genealogy of, to Turi, 403.
  • Reaches New Zealand, 388, 389.
  • Reaches Samoa and Rarotonga, 392.
  • Settles at Whakatane, 392.
  • Toi-Whatonga, genealogy, 391.
• "Toki-a-Tapiri" canoe, 63, 70, 175.
• Toko hue of Tahiti, deep-water poling, 271.
• Tongan canoes, 67, 331.
• Tongans daring voyagers, 331, 333, 336.
• Tongans adopt Fiji craft, 356.
• Top-strakes—
  • And thwarts impart rigidity to lashed carvel-built craft, 142.
  • Decorated, 129.
  • Double, &c., 119, 136, 137.
  • First step in development of built-up boat, 65.
  • Four mentioned in tradition, 135.
  • How clamped home, 120.
  • How secured, 116, 117, 120, 131.
  • Interior lashings of, 123, 131, 294, 295. See also Rim lashings.
  • Of Takitumu, 404.
  • Six mentioned in tradition, 136, 175. See also Rauawa.
• "Totara-o-Huiarau" canoe, 218.
• Totara trees partially barked to facilitate hewing, 73.
• To waka, canoe-hauling songs, 105.
• Tree felled three times, 78, 79.
• Tree-felling, 67, 68, 69, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79.
• Tree-felling ceremonial, 76, 80.
• Trees—
  • Felled by burning, 83.
  • Named, special, 71, 404.
  • Of large size resulted in change in canoe form, 19.
  • Reserved for canoes, 71, 72.
  • Under tapu, 74.
• Tuahiwi nui o Hine-moana, 413.
• Tumoana returns to Polynesia, 416.
• Turi a descendant of Toi, 403.
• Turi known at Tahiti and Mangaia, 402.
• Turuma, a tapu place, 407.
• Tutara-kauika, 406.
• Tu-te-amokura and his drift voyage, 395.
• Tu-te-ihiihi, 246.
• "Tuwhenua" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 395.
• "Tuwhiri-rau sails for Polynesia, 417.
• Twitching-device to clamp top-strakes home, 120.

U

• "Uruao" canoe, 21.
• Uru-te-kakara, 400.
• Utuutu-matua of canoe, 134.

V

• Vessels that carried one hundred persons, 353, 354.
• Vessels to New Zealand, list of. 415.
• Voyage of two thousand miles made in a native craft, 354.
• Voyagers' faith in gods, 405.
• Voyagers of Tahiti, 307. See also Polynesian voyagers; Seafaring; Deep-sea voyages.
• Voyages from New Zealand to Polynesia, 416. See also Migrants.

W

• Waiapu canoe, 126, 171.
• "Waimate" (vessel) reaches New Zealand, 394.page 452
• Waitaha-ariki-kore, an immigrant from Polynesia, 416.
• Waka haumi, 112, 218.
• Waka hourua, a double canoe, 30.
• Waka mamae, 216.
• Waka marohi, 32.
• Waka, meanings of words, 18, 20.
• Waka o Mairerangi, a star group, 21.
• Waka o Tamarereti, tail of the Scorpion, 21.
• Waka pahi of Chatham Isles, 205, 206.
• Waka pakoko, 47, 48, 49, 177.
• Waka pitau, 47, 48.
• Waka puhara of Chatham Isles, 205, 208.
• Waka ra of Chatham Isles, 205.
• Waka takitaki mate, 216, 217.
• Waka taua, 24, 27, 50, 62.
  • Construction of, 65.
• Waka tete, 24, 49, 176. See also Fishing-canoes.
• Waka tiwai, 24, 183, 239, 249. See also River-canoes.
• Waka toiere, 47, 48, 148.
• Waka unua, double canoe, 32, 33.
• Waka whakarei, 50.
• War-canoes. See Waka taua.
• Washboards, 317, 411; rigged at sea, 379.
• Water, how carried at sea, 310.
• "W. B." on tree-felling, 81.
• Weather signs, 382.
• Werohia, legend of, 420.
• Whakaiho-rangi the Warlock, 79.
• Whakainu ceremony over new canoe, 109. 165.
• Wharau, canoe-sheds, 190, 311.
• Whare pora of canoes, 33.
• Whatonga reaches New Zealand, 393.
• Whatonga sojourns at Rangiatea, 392.
• "Wheke-a-muturangi" canoe at Nga Uranga, 218.
• Whiro reaches New Zealand, 414.
• Winds, 64, 243; of eastern Pacific, 354.
• Wind-names employed to denote compass-points, 383.
• Women as paddlers, 243.

Y

• Yards 90 ft. in length, 353.

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