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The Pa Maori

List of Illustrations

page xii

List of Illustrations

Fig. Page
1 Model Pa erected by Tourist Department at Whaka-rewarewa, Rotorua 7
2 Entrance to model Pa at Rotorua 7
3 Model Pa at Ruatahuna 8
4 Entrance to Pa at Ruatahuna 9
5 Model of stockaded Pa in Dominion Museum 10
6 Model Pa at Christchurch Exhibition of 1906 11
7 Lake face of Christchurch model Pa 14
8 Another view of the Christchurch model Pa 14
9 Model of modern Pa in Hobart Museum 15
10 Inner defences of the Wharekaho Pa at Mercury Bay, as described by Cook and Banks 38
11 Site of promontory Pa at Mercury Bay 40
12 Four forms of terraces, as seen at old fortified positions 47
13 Fosse of an old Pa at Urenui 48
14 Fosse of old Pa showing effects of detrition 48
14a Fosse of a Taranaki Pa 49
15 Illustration of defence by fosse, rampart and stockade 50
16 Cross section of scarp, fosse, rampart and stockade defences 53
16A Light modern palisade 57
17 Posts of an old stockaded village 61
18 Stockade of a modern gun-fighter's Pa 64
19 Two old stockade posts 65
20Abc Carved figures on stockade posts 66-68
21Abc Carved figures on stockade posts 69-71
22 Posts of old Ohinemutu Pa 72
23 Posts of old Pa at Gwavas, Hawke's Bay district 75
24 Methods of lashing stockade. A The kauaerua or crossed lashing. B The apatahi or single lashing 77
25 The matarau, an earth lifting implement 82
26 Method employed for erecting massive posts 82
27 The aparua or double stockade defence 85
28 The aparua defence having a vertical pekerangi or elevated outer screen 90
29 The matahao or outward leaning stockade 90
29a The Wita barrier 90
30 The aparua defence having inward leaning and elevated outer screen 92
31 View of Motu-o-Puhi Pa at Roto-a-Ira 97page xiii
32 Another view of Motu-o-Puhi 98
33 Diagram. Model of stockaded village 100
34 Fighting towers at Chatham Isles 105
35 The kotaretare form of fighting stage 108
36 Pourewa form of fighting stage. Heads of enemies exposed 116
37 Methods of defending entrance to Pa 118
38 Massive carved pillar surmounting entrance passage of Pa 121
38a A stockade post 122
39 Carved entrance pillar of Pa at Rotorua 123
40 Carved entrance of model Pa at Christchurch 128
41 Waitaha-nui Pa at Taupo 134
42 A water storage pit 135
43 The rou method of destroying stockades 157
44 The tragedy of the Pa Maori 165
45 Plan of Manu-korihi Pa (Carrington) 177
46 Plan of Manu-korihi Pa made in 1914 178
47 Plan of Te Rewarewa Pa 184
48 Plan of Pa at Waikohu 189
49 Plan of Otumatua Pa 191
50 Plan of Urenui Pa, Taranaki 195
51 View of western face of Urenui Pa 197
52 Urenui Pa. Longitudinal and cross sections 198
53 Plan of Okoare Pa 201
54 View of Te Koru Pa, Taranaki 206
55 Plan of Te Koru Pa 208
55a Stone faced scarps at Te Koru Pa 210
56Ab Stone faced scarps at Te Koru Pa 210
57 Longitudinal section of Puke-tarata Pa, Taranaki 216
58 View of Urenui valley from Te Kawa Pa 219
58a View of Pohokura Pa at Urenui 219
59 Pohokura Pa. Longitudinal and cross sections 221
60 Locality plan. Fortified villages of Urenui district 223
61 A mound Pa near Te Rewarewa, Taranaki 225
62 Plan of Otumoana Pa 227
63 Plan of Okoki Pa 233
64 Plan of Pa near Kawakawa 240
65 Plan of Taka-poruruku Pa, Taiamai district 248
66 Plan of Tapa-huarau No. 1 Pa, Taiamai district 251
67 Plan of Tapa-huarau No. 2 Pa 256page xiv
68 Plan of Tapa-huarau No. 3 Pa 259
69 Sections of a small hill fort at Whangarei 262
70 Plan of Oneone-nui Pa at Muriwai 265
70a Store pits within fosse 266
71 Plan of Kai-tangata Pa, Taranaki 271
72 Plan of Nga Potiki a Rehua Pa at Wai-totara 274
72a Pa on Auckland Isthmus 286
73 Terraced hills of Auckland Isthmus 287
74 Terraced hill forts 294
75 View of Otatara at Taradale 297
76 View of Papa-hikurangi Pa at Waiapu 302
77 Plan of Pouerua Pa, at Pa-karaka 306
78 Plan of Maunga-turoto Pa, Taiamai district 310
79 Illustration of double terrace formation 314
80 View of summit of Mt. Eden, at Auckland 317
81 Crater and terraces of Mt. Eden 317
82 Terraced slopes of Mt. Eden 318
83 Mt. Eden. Looking north from summit 319
84 A stockaded hill fort 320
85 Longitudinal section of Nga Puke-pango Pa 321
86 Upper terraces of Nga Puke-pango Pa 321
87 Incomplete plan of Nga Puke-pango Pa 322
88 Te Rerenga Pa at Wai-whakaiho, Taranaki 325
89 Plan of Pari-hamore Pa, Taranaki 326
90 Plan of Kumara-kaiamu Pa at Urenui 329
91 Plan of Te Kawa Pa at Urenui 334
92 Plan of Mawe Pa at Lake Omapere 337
93 Plan of Puke-kohe Pa, Taranaki 342
94 The stronghold of Paritutu at New Plymouth 346
95 View of Mikotahi and Moturoa at New Plymouth 347
96 Sketch of approach to the Waimate Pa, Taranaki 349
97 View of Waimate Pa and Mt. Egmont 350
98 View of Te Namu Pa, near Opunake, Taranaki 351
99 View of Pohaturoa Pa at Atiamuri 355
100 Maungaraho, a remarkable rock refuge 356
101 An old cliff stronghold at Whangaroa 357
102 Site of an old cliff fort at Taupo 358
103 Plan of Rangitira Pa, Waipaoa valley, Gisborne 359
104 View of rock islet pa at Tolaga Bay 363
105 The Putiki Pa at Whanganui 368
106 The Matai-taua Pa at Paua-tahanui, Porirua 378page xv
107 The Taupo Pa at Plimmerton, Porirua 379
108 Plan of the Pourere Redoubt near Roto-a-Ira 380
109 The Pa of Te Wherowhero 386
110 The Tihoi cliff Pa at Whenua-kura 390
111 Rua-pekapeka Pa, North Auckland 396
112 Interior of a modern pa at Matata 397
113 Interior of the Gate Pa, Tauranga district 400
114 Plan of defensive works at Rangiriri, 1863 401
115 The famed bastion at Rangiriri 401
116 The Tauranga-ika Pa 406
116a The Tauranga-ika Pa; cross sections of 407
116b Section of defences of Tauranga-ika Pa 408
117 Small hamlets at Taupo, Plimmerton 409
118 Plan of Nga Tapa 411
119 A modern Maori village 412
120 Maori rifle pit 413
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