Ethnology of Manihiki and Rakahanga
Contents
page [i]
Contents
Page | |
Introduction | 3 |
Acknowledgments | 3 |
Culture | 4 |
Geography | 4 |
Contact with Western culture | 5 |
The people | 11 |
Language | 11 |
Traditional history | 14 |
Discovery | 14 |
Genealogical records | 20 |
Marriages of Toa | 23 |
Social Organization | 28 |
Family pedigrees | 28 |
Relationship terms | 29 |
The biological family | 36 |
The household | 36 |
Birth | 37 |
Childhood | 39 |
Puberty | 40 |
Marriage | 42 |
Titular system | 43 |
History of the single and dual ariki titles | 43 |
The Whainga-aitu ariki | 48 |
The Whakaheo ariki | 52 |
Other titles | 54 |
Tribal history | 57 |
First divisions | 57 |
The tribe | 59 |
Subtribes | 61 |
Population and land | 65 |
Material culture | 70 |
Houses and furniture | 70 |
Introduction | 70 |
Original house type | 70 |
Framework | 70 |
Thatch | 76 |
Interior | 78 |
Wall and door screens | 80 |
Whare taka | 80 |
Whare tuku whakararo | 81 |
Rarotongan types | 81 |
House furniture | 82 |
Food | 81 |
Introduction | 83 |
Fire | 84 |
Fire myth | 85 |
Cooking utensils and food accessories | 86 |
Flesh foods | 90page [ii] |
Vegetable foods | 92 |
Variety | 92 |
The coconut | 92 |
Puraka | 96 |
Hala (Pandanus) | 97 |
Food preparations | 97 |
Fats and oil | 100 |
Feeding of children | 101 |
Plaiting | 102 |
Introduction | 102 |
Plaiting with coconut leaves | 102 |
Plaited articles | 102 |
The leaf | 102 |
Technical terms and methods | 103 |
Commencement edge | 104 |
Finishing edge | 108 |
Sheets, screens, and mats | 110 |
Cooking receptacles | 114 |
Baskets | 119 |
Eye shades | 124 |
Plaiting with lauhala (Pandanus leaves) | 125 |
Material | 125 |
Mats | 126 |
Baskets | 127 |
Fans (coconut leaf) | 131 |
Clothing and adornment | 134 |
Introduction | 134 |
Material | 134 |
Women's garments | 134 |
Men's garments | 136 |
Accessories | 136 |
Personal decoration | 136 |
Stonework | 138 |
Material | 138 |
Miscellaneous | 138 |
Adzes | 139 |
Stone adzes | 139 |
Shell adzes, haft | 142 |
Canoes | 146 |
Material | 146 |
Terms and technique | 147 |
Types | 148 |
Introduction | 148 |
One-piece dugout canoe | 148 |
Five-piece canoe | 149 |
Double sailing canoe | 149 |
Modern plank canoes | 156 |
Paddles | 157 |
Bailers | 158 |
Fishing | 158 |
Introduction | 158 |
Walled traps | 159 |
Nets | 160page [iii] |
Angling | 163 |
Hooks and lines | 163 |
Ruvettus hook | 164 |
One-piece hooks | 170 |
Bonito hooks | 172 |
Bonito hooks, comparative study | 187 |
War and weapons | 194 |
Warfare | 194 |
Spears | 195 |
Clubs | 195 |
Recreations | 196 |
Play | 196 |
Dances | 197 |
Drama | 198 |
Musical instruments | 203 |
Religion | 205 |
The gods | 205 |
Maraes | 208 |
Priesthood | 209 |
Ritual | 210 |
Minor gods | 210 |
Prohibited foods | 214 |
Religious objects | 215 |
Sickness and death | 216 |
Medicine | 216 |
Death | 217 |
The calendar | 218 |
Nights of the moon | 218 |
Annual cycle | 222 |
Rakahangan intercalation | 227 |
Stars | 231 |
Literature cited | 232 |
Plate legends | 233 |