page 183

INDEX

• Adler, 1

• Adoption, 10, 11, 13, 169

• Adzes, stone, 41, 161

• 'Afa,

  • manufacture, 43, 161, 164, 165
  • uses, 43
• Afiamalu, 4

  • altitude, 4
  • rainfall, 4

• Aitu, 131-133

• Ali'i and Faipule, 21, 22, 23, 31, 61, 62

• American Samoa, 1, 2, 4, 6

• Apolima, 1

• Aualuma, 12, 108, 109, 113

  • duties, 110, 111
• 'Aumaga, 12, 101, 104, 108, 112

  • (young men)
  • duties 113, 114
• 'Aumaga, 44, 45, 52, 109, 112

  • (kava)

• Avoidance, social, 112, 173, 174

• Bananas,

  • conserves, 77, 78
  • cooking, 65, 72, 77
  • description, 72
  • food value, 73
  • growing, 72
  • ripening, 65, 77
  • uses, 73
  • varieties, 72, 73
• Bark Cloth,

  • draping sacred objects, 135
  • dyeing, 111, 159
  • manufacture, 111, 159, 162
  • use as clothing, 42, 97, 98, 116, 118, 160
  • use as mosquito nets, 160

• Beckoning, 171, 172

• Berlin Treaty, 7

• Blow-holes, 57

• Bougainville, 7

• Bounty, H.M.S., 7

• Breadfruit,

  • conserves, 77, 78
  • cooking, 71, 76, 77
  • growing, 72
• Buxton, Dr.,

  • observations by, 4, 5

• Calliope, H.M.S., 1

• Census, 6, 14, 155, 156

• Christianity, 6

  • (See Religion)
• Churches, 57, 139, 142

  • choirs, 139,
  • deacons, 139, 140
  • formal openings, 143, 144
  • sermons, 139, 140
  • subscription lists, 141-143, 144
  • synods, 140
• Clothing,

  • female, 160
  • head coverings, 160
  • male, 160

• Clowns, 89, 115, 120, 121, 123

• Coconuts, 30, 73, 74, 85, 86, 97, 98, 99

  • commercial planting, 74
  • cream, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80
  • description, 73, 74
  • production, 73, 74
  • statistics, 73, 74
  • uses of tree, 74
• Constitution,

  • changes in, 175, 176, 177

• Council of State, 176, 177

• Covenant of League of Nations, 7, 8

• Cricket, 114, 124

• Dancing, 62, 90, 114-124, 142

  • by chiefs, 121, 122
  • concert parties, 123, 124
  • dress, 116, 117, 118
  • finger movements in, 121
  • solo, 90, 115, 120, 121, 122, 123
  • with knives or axes, 121, 123

• Date Line, International, 1

• Deacons, 139, 140

• Deities,

  • aitu, 131-133
  • atua, 130
  • festivals in honour of, 136
  • grades, 129, 130, 131, 133
  • priests, 127, 134, 135, 139
  • sauali'i, 133
  • tupua, 130, 131

• Elephantiasis, 5

  page 184
• English,

  • desire to learn, 147, 150

• Exports, 6

• Fa'aoso, 68, 96, 101, 106

• Fa'atau,

  • during fesilafa'iga, 41, 42, 91
  • following ta'alolo, 91
  • variations, 42

• Fa'aulufalega, 106, 143, 144

• Fafa, 131, 133, 134

• Faipule, 21, 22, 41

  • Fono of, 21, 24, 176
• Family,

  • branches, 12, 15
  • land, 11, 16
  • matai, 10-13, 14, 15
  • memorial services, 143
  • organisation, 10-11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
  • record books, 173

• Fanuatapu, 7

• Fauna, 5, 6

• Fautasi, 32, 56, 113, 123, 124

• Fautua, 23, 24, 176

• Feagaiga, 16, 162

• Feasts, 84, 85

• Fe'e, 136

• Fesilafa'iga, 35-52

  • fa'alau during, 41, 42, 91

• Filaria, 5

• Fire, rabbing of, 28

• Firewoods, 70

• Fish,

  • ceremonial divisions, 105
  • cooking, 80
  • counting, 163
  • edible fish, 81
  • raw, 80
  • sauce for, 80
  • system of naming, 102

• Fishing, 162, 163, 164, 165

• Flag, hoisting of German, 7

• Flag, Samoan

  • description, 176
  • hoisting, 176

• Flora, 5

• Folafolaga, 93, 98

• Fono,

  • of village, 17, 21
• Foods,

  • arrowroot, 73
  • bananas, 65, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 84
  • beverages, 78
  • breadfruit, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78
  • ceremonial divisions, 94, 103, 104, 105, 107
  • coconut, 73, 74, 85, 86
  • crustaceans, 80, 86
  • custom relating to eating, 83, 84, 85, 86
  • drying of bananas, 78
  • drying of oranges, 164
  • eels, 80
  • entrails of fish, 80
  • entrails of marine animals, 80
  • European, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
  • fa'ausi, 76
  • fa'avevela, 77
  • fai'ai, 75, 97
  • faisua, 80
  • feasts, 84, 85
  • fish, 80, 81, 92, 102, 105, 163
  • fresh fruits, 78
  • ginger, 76
  • inaga, 82, 105, 106
  • ipo, 80
  • kumaras, 73
  • loloifa'i, 76
  • loloitalo, 76, 107
  • manioc. 73
  • masi, 77, 78
  • method of cooking, 69, 76
  • miti sauce, 80
  • mode of serving, 83, 84, 85, 86
  • octopus, 75, 80
  • palolo, 80, 81, 105, 106, 163,
  • palusami, 75, 84, 97, 161
  • pe'epe'e, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80
  • piasua, 76
  • pigeons, 79, 93, 105
  • pigs, 78, 79, 90, 92, 96, 97, 103, 104, 105, 106
  • poi, 77
  • poultry, 79, 86, 87, 92, 93, 96, 97, 105
  • presentations, see section here-under
  • sai fa'i, 78
  • sea, 80
  • sea-eggs, 80
  • seaweed, 75
  • shark, 81, 102, 105
  • shell-fish, 80, 86
  • starch, 73, 75, 76, 77
  • suaesi, 77
  • suafa'i, 77
  • sugar-cane, 78
  • ta'amu, 71, 72
  • taro, 71, 72, 75, 76, 92, 93, 96, 97, 101, 102, 107, 113page 185
  • taufolo, 76, 77, 112, 161
  • turtle, 79, 80, 102, 105
  • turtle eggs, 79
  • turtle gravy, 80
  • vaisalo, 76
  • yams, 71, 75, 77, 97
• Foods, presentations of,

  • 'ai, 106
  • 'aiava, 95
  • amo'ulu, 92
  • asiga, 100
  • avasa, 107
  • avataeao, 92
  • fa'aoso, 68, 96, 101, 106
  • first fruits, 101, 102
  • gapia, 106
  • i'a sa, 79, 102, 103, 107
  • inaga, 105, 106
  • laulautasi, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 107, 143
  • oso, 68, 96, 101, 106
  • palolo, 105, 106
  • pigs, 90, 92, 96, 97, 106
  • si'ilaulau, 95
  • sua, 97, 98, 99, 101
  • sua ta'i, 97, 98, 99, 101
  • sua taute, 97, 98, 99, 101
  • ta'alolo, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 143
  • ta'iola, 106
  • taisi, 100, 101
  • talifaufau, 107
  • taliga, 96
  • talo pa'ia, 96, 97
  • talomua, 101, 102
  • talotasi, 96
  • tauga, 100, 106
  • tauga o le ma'i, 100
  • turtles, 90, 102, 103, 107
  • umusaga, 106

• Gazette, Government, 142

• Genealogies, 67, 173

• Hair,

  • old mode of dressing, 126
• History of Samoa, 7

  • successive political stages, 7, 177

• Hoisting of Germau flag, 7

• Hoisting of Samoan flag, 176

• Hospital, 4

  • altitude, 4
  • position, 4
  • rainfall, 4
• House, Samoan,

  • care and cleaning, 162
  • changing clothes in, 66
  • conduct in, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 48
  • construction, 53, 54, 58, 59, 161
  • entering a, 37, 43, 66
  • for guests, 54, 57, 58
  • formal greetings in, 39, 40, 43
  • furniture, 59
  • height above ground, 57, 58
  • number of beams, 58
  • privacy in, 66
  • seating in, 35, 36
  • sitting in, 37, 38
  • stranger's post, 36
  • thatching, 58, 59, 164

• Humidity, 3, 4,

• Hurricane, 1889, 1

• Hurricane belt, 2

• I'a sa, 79, 102, 103, 107

• Idols. 129

• Inaga, 81, 82, 105, 106

• Insult, 172

• International Date Line, 1

• Kava,

  • acceptance of cup, 47, 50, 51, 52
  • 'aumaga, 44, 45, 52, 109, 112
  • bestowal of titles, 47
  • bowls, 43
  • chewing, 44
  • distribution, 46-62
  • distribution of roots, 41
  • drinking, 51, 52
  • during welcome ceremony, 38, 39
  • farewell, 68
  • medicinal properties, 39
  • method of serving, 47, 48, 50, 51
  • new matai, 14, 15
  • origin, 43
  • over-indulgence in, 39
  • pounding of root, 41
  • precedence in serving, 46, 49, 50, 51
  • preparation, 39, 44, 45, 46
  • presentation of roots, 40
  • stain deposited by, 44
  • taking away, 68
  • titles, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52
  • women, 16, 17
  page 186

• Kumaras, 73

• La Perouse, 7

• Language, Samoan, 169, 170, 171

  • addressing of matai, 11, 169
  • ceremonial references, 170, 171
  • chiefs', 170
  • courteous references, 170, 171
  • naming of children, 169
  • naming of natural features, 169
  • peculiarities of construction, 170
  • pronunciation, 170
  • references to relationship, 169
  • specialised vocabularies, 171
  • use of vowels, 170

• Lau (fishing) 163

• Laulautasi, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 107, 143

• Legislative Assembly, 176, 177

• Lighting,

  • oil lamp, 173
  • candle-nut, 173
• Loads,

  • methods of carrying, 165, 166

• Mafui'e, 131

• Malaga, 10

  • arrangements for, 26, 27
  • custom concerning, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34
  • hints on, 25-34
  • wardrobe for, 25, 26

• Malaria, 5

• Manaia, 89, 108, 109, 110, 111, 117, 120, 121

  • duties, 112

• Mandate, 7, 8, 9, 175, 177

• Mangrove-hopper, 82, 83

• Manioc, 73

• Manone, 1

• Manu'a, 2

• Manumea, 6

• Marriage,

  • exchanges of property, 153, 154
  • irregular, 153
  • of taupou, 109, 110, 152
  • status of husband, 11
  • status of wife, 11
• Matai, 10-18

  • addressing by children, 169
  • banishment, 18
  • duties, 11, 148, 149, 151
  • election, 12, 13, 15, 16
  • grading, 15, 23, 24
  • increase in numbers, 155, 156
• Matai,

  • kava, 14, 15
  • ostracism, 17, 18, 22
  • qualifications, 13
  • removal, 16
  • retirement, 15
  • splitting of titles, 12, 154, 156
  • women, 13
• Matavanu,

  • eruption, 2, 33
• Mats,

  • types, 64, 65, 168
• Mats, fine, 15, 64, 65, 89, 97, 111, 116, 143, 153, 161

  • mode of accepting, 172
  • names, 168
  • preparation of materials, 167
  • repairs to, 168, 169
  • use as currency, 167, 168
  • uses, 166, 168
  • weaving 167

• Mavaega, 13

• Medicine, Samoan, 132, 162

• Memorial services in families, 143

• Mission, United Nations, 95, 99, 175

• Missionaries, 137, 138, 139

  • early, 126, 127, 128, 136
• Missions, 126, 127, 128, 136, 138, 140, 141

  • children's Sunday, 141
  • contributions, 140, 141
  • fono or synods, 140
  • opening of churches, 106, 143, 144
  • publications, 142
  • subscription lists, 141, 142, 143, 144

• Monotaga, 94, 151

• Mosquitoes, filarial, 5

• Mud-skipper, 82, 83

• Mulinu'u,

  • historical graves, 5
  • historical importance, 5
  • hoisting of German flag, 7
  • hoisting of Samoan flag, 176
  • rainfall, 3, 4
  • Samoan Government, 5
• Mummification, 130, 162

  • families who practised, 130
  • last known, 130
  • technique, 130

• Nafanua, 129, 131, 134

• Namua, 1

  page 187
• Necklaces,

  • imitation whale's teeth, 116, 118
  • pigs' tusks, 116
  • whale's teeth, 116, 118, 161

• Nifoloa, 131

• Nu'ulua, 1

• Nu'usafe'e, 1, 2

• Nu'utele, 1

• Oath, 17, 137, 139

• Observatory, 2, 3, 4, 5

• Occupation of Western Samoa by New Zealand troops, 7

  • legal steps following, 7, 8
• Octopus, 75, 80

  • catching, 75, 163
  • cooking, 75, 80
  • killing, 75, 163
  • mythology, 75, 136

• 'Ofu, 2

• 'Oloa, 161

• Olosega, 2

• Orator chief, 19

• Oso, 68, 96, 101, 106

• Oven, Samoan,

  • construction, 69, 70, 71
  • use, 70, 71
• Pago Pago, 2

  • position of, 2, 4
  • rainfall at, 4
• Palolo,

  • catching, 163
  • description, 80, 81, 82
  • localities where found, 81
  • presentation, 105, 106

• Pandora, H.M.S., 7

• Partition of Samoa, 7

• Pastors, 39, 41, 46, 49, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143

• Periophthalmus, 82, 83

• Petition,

  • for self-government, 175
• Pigeons, See Foods

  • tooth-billed, 6
• Pigs, See Foods

  • ceremonial divisions, 103, 104, 105
  • presentations, 90, 92, 96, 97, 106
• Population,

  • analysis of male, 155, 156
  • increase in, 154, 155, 156
  • statistics relating to, 6
  • untitled, 155, 156
  • urban, of Apia, 145, 150
  • titled, 155, 156

• Poultry, See Foods

• Presents,

  • respect in accepting, 172
• Priests,

  • Auva'a, 134
  • classes, 134
• Priests,

  • family, 135
  • of prophesies and curses, 135
  • of symbols of war gods, 134
  • of war gods, 134
  • Tupa'i, 134
  • village, 134

• Publications in vernacular, 142

• Pulenu'u, 22

• Pulotu, 130, 131, 133, 134

• Rainfall, 3, 4, 5

  • maximum falls, 3
  • New Zealand, 3
  • Samoa, 3
  • seasonal distribution, 4, 5

• Record books, family, 173

• Reefs, coral, 62

• Religion,

  • adoption of Christianity, 126, 127, 128, 136
  • first Mission in field, 127
  • memorial services in families, 143
  • old beliefs, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131-136
  • place in Samoan society, 127
  • publications in vernacular, 142
  • social aspects, 128, 136, 141, 142
  • tautoga, 17, 137, 139
  • (See also Pastors, Missions and Missionaries)

• Roggewein, 6

• Rose Island, 2

• Sa-le-Fe'e, 131, 133

• Sabbath,

  • church services, 138, 139
  • cooking, 139
  • meals, 139
  • recognition, 138

• Samoa Act, 8

• Samoa Amendment Act, 1947 175, 176

• Samoa Constitution Order, 8

• Samoan Government, 5, 7

• Sa'o,

  • duties, 20
  • status, 19, 20
  page 188
• Saofa'i, 14, 15, 99

  • expense, 14
  • food provided for, 14
  • of taupou, 108
  • significance, 14
• Savai'i, 1, 2

  • area, 1
  • Govrnment expedition, 1929, 3
  • highest peak, 2
  • length, 1
  • population, 6

• Saveasi'ulso, 131

• Self-government, 175, 177

• Sennit,

  • manufacture, 43, 161, 164, 165
  • uses, 43
• Shark, 102, 105

  • method of catching, 81

• Si'ilaulau, 95

• Singing, 62, 114, 115, 116, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 142

• Society, Samoan,

  • changes proceeding in, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158
  • effect of 1918 epidemic on, 149, 150
  • effects of depression on, 148, 157
  • effects of war on, 146, 147, 150, 151, 157
  • employment outside, 145, 146
  • grades in, 14, 23, 24
  • levelling of, 149, 154
  • organisation, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 156, 158
  • position of wage-earner in, 148, 149
  • present-day, 145-158
  • suggested re-organisation of, 157
  • titled and untitled groups in, 14, 155, 156

• See also adoption ali'i and faipule aualuma 'aumaga avoidance

• Starch, 73, 75, 76, 77

• Status,

  • changes of, 151

• Stevenson, Robert Louis, 1

• Sua, 97, 98, 99, 101

• Sunshine, 3

• Swain's Island, 2

• Ta'alolo, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 111, 112, 117, 119, 143

  • dances following, 94, 95
  • description, 89-92
  • fa'atau during, 91
  • speech, 91, 92
• Ta'amu,

  • cooking, 71
  • growing, 71, 72

• Tagaloa, 130

• Ta'iola, 106

• Talifaufau, 107

• Taliga, 96

• Talo pa'ia, 96, 97

• Taloloa, 101

• Talotasi, 96

• Tamafaiga, 126, 129

• Tapatapao,

  • height above sea-level, 3
  • rainfall, 3

• Taro, See Foods

• Tau, 2

• Taualuga, 120, 121

• Tauga, 100, 106

  • tauga o le ma'i, 100
• Taule'ale'a, 12, 101, 102

  • status, 14
• Taupou, 12, 44, 45-46, 89, 90, 91, 108, 109, 110, 111, 115, 117, 119, 120, 121

  • dancing by, 89, 90, 115, 117, 119, 120, 121
  • dress, 89, 109, 116
  • head-dress, 116, 117
  • kava, 44, 45, 46, 52, 108
  • marriage, 110, 111, 152

• Tautai, 113, 163, 164

• Tautoga, 17, 137, 139

• Temperature, 3, 4, 5

  • at 5,000 feet, 3
  • maxima and minima, 3
  • seasonal variations, 5

• Temples, 129, 135, 136

• Titles,

  • court disputes re, 156
  • family, 11
  • grading, 15, 23, 24
  • splitting, 12, 154, 156
  • vacant, 154
• Tobacco,

  • curing, 164
  • growing, 164

• Toe o le Uso, 13

• To'ona'i, 139

• Trade-wind, south-east, 2, 5

• Traditions, 129, 130, 173

  page 189

• Treaty of Berlin, 7

• Treaty of Versailles, 7

• Tripartite control, 7

• Trusteeship Agreement for Western Samoa, 9, 175, 177

• Trusteeship Council, 9, 175

• Tuiga head-dress, 44, 89, 116, 117, 161

• Tunnels,

  • lava, 57

• Tupualegase, 136

• Turtles, 79

  • catching, 79
  • ceremonial division, 105
  • shell, 79
  • choice portious, 79
  • cooking, 79
  • eggs, 79
  • gravy, 80
  • significance, 79

• Tusiga-igoa, 141, 142, 143, 144

• Tutuila, 1, 2, 4, 7

  • highest peak, 2
  • length, 1
  • visit of La Perouse, 7
• Tu'ua, 19, 97

  • duties, 19
  • status, 19

• Umusaga, 106

• United Nations Organisation, 9, 175, 177

  • Mission to Western Samoa, 95, 99, 175

• United States Naval Station, 1

• Upolu, 1, 2

  • area, 1
  • highest peak, 2
  • length, 1
  • population, 6

• Usoali'i, 20

• Usuga, 101

• Vaea, Mount, 1

• Villages,

  • churches, 57
  • description, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57-62
  • hospitals, 56
  • hospitality, 67, 68
  • inland, 2
  • layout, 53-54, 55, 56, 57
  • life in, 53, 59-62
  • malae, 53, 55, 57
  • meals, 60, 61
  • number in Western Samoa, 2
  • organisation, 10, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
  • preparations for visitors, 63, 64
  • privacy, 66
  • schools, 55
  • splitting of, 18, 19
  • springs and bathing pools, 55, 66
  • stores, 56
  • traditions, 67

• Visitors, 63, 64, 65

• War,

  • effects, 146, 147, 150, 151

• Weddings, Samoan, 106, 107

• Welcome Ceremony, 35-52

• Western Samoa, 1

  • occupation by New Zealand troops, 7
  • population, 6
  • presence of American troops in, 146, 147

• Widows, 11

• Women,

  • duties – see Work
  • status, 16, 29
  • Village Committees, 20, 21, 111
• Work,

  • females, 16, 20, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166
  • males, 16, 20, 161, 163, 164, 165

• Yams, 71, 77

• Zone Time, 1

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