|
Page |
Preface |
iii. |
Contents |
v. |
Illustrations |
xi. |
Part I. |
Historical Notes on the Progress of the Geological Survey. |
Chapter I.— |
|
From the Beginning of the Geological Survey to the Discovery of the West Coast Goldfields. |
1 |
Geological Survey of Mount Pleasant, Banks' Peninsula, 1860 |
2 |
Exploration of the Rivers Rangitata and Ashburton, 1861 |
3 |
Exploration of the Malvern Hills and Mount Torlesse, 1861 |
16 |
Exploration of the Head-waters of the Waitaki, 1862 |
18 |
Visit to the Opawa Stream, 1862 |
43 |
Journey to the Waitaki, Lake Wanaka, and the West Coast, 1862-63 |
44 |
Artesian Wells in Christchurch, 1863 |
58 |
Malvern Hills Coalfields, 1863. Building Stones, 1864 |
59 |
Search for Coal in the Ashburton and Rangitata Districts, 1864 |
60 |
Geological Survey of the Christchurch-Lyttelton Railway Tunnel |
62 |
Canterbury Plains |
63 |
New Zealand Industrial Exhibition, Dunedin, 1865 |
64 |
Chapter II.— |
|
From the Discovery of the West Coast Goldfields to the Termination of the Geological Survey, end of June, 1868 |
65 |
Journey to the West Coast, 1865 |
65 |
Journey to Westland by Arthur's Pass, returning by Browning's Pass, October, 1865 |
107 |
First Visit to Middle Waipara, 1866 |
122 |
Journey to the Head-waters of the Rakaia, 1866 |
123 |
Christchurch and Lyttelton Railway Tunnel |
143 |
First Excavations for Moa-bones in Glenmark, 1866 |
143 |
Journey to the Waipara and Hurunui, 1867 |
144 |
Exploration of the Head-waters of the Waimakariri, 1867 |
145page vi |
Journey to the Sources of the Waipara, 1867 |
152 |
Collecting Saurian Remains in the Middle Waipara, 1867 |
155 |
A Visit to Glenmark, and Heavy Floods, end of July and beginning of August, 1867 |
155 |
Journey along the Eastern Base of the Ranges, from the Gorge of the Rakaia to the Waitaki and to the Sources of the Hakateramea |
156 |
Geological Examination of Banks' Peninsula, 1868 |
157 |
Journey to the Southern Portion of Westland, 1868 |
157 |
Chapter III.— |
|
The Canterbury Museum and Geological Explorations from 1868 to 1876 |
167 |
Part II. |
Physical Geography. |
Chapter I.— |
|
General Considerations |
172 |
Chapter II.— |
|
Orographical Features |
177 |
Chapter III.— |
|
Glaciers, Rivers, and Lakes |
193 |
The Waitaki |
199 |
The Rakaia |
206 |
The Rangitata |
210 |
The Waimakariri |
212 |
The Ashburton |
214 |
The Head-waters of the Molyneux |
215 |
The Hurunui |
216 |
The Opihi, the Ashley |
218 |
The Waipara, the Selwyn |
219 |
The Hinds, the Orari, the Waihao, the Pareora |
220 |
The Grey, the Taramakau |
221 |
The Hokitika |
222 |
The Mikonui, the Waitaha and Wanganui, the Poerua, the Whataroa |
224 |
The Okarito, the Waiau |
225 |
The Waikukupa, the Weheka |
226 |
The Karangarua |
227 |
The Mahitahi, the Paringa, the Haast |
228 |
The Okuru and Waiatoto, the Arawata |
229 |
Chapter IV.— |
|
Plains |
231page vii |
Part III. |
Geology. |
Chapter I.— |
Introduction |
236 |
Chapter II.— |
|
General Geological Structure |
240 |
Chapter III.— |
|
Stratigraphical Geology—General Synopsis and Description of Geological Formations |
249 |
Chapter IV.— |
|
The Gneiss Granite Formation |
252 |
Extent. Igneous Eruptive Rocks. Crystalline Metamorphic Formation East of the Central Chain |
253 |
Chapter V.— |
|
Westland Formation, Extent |
256 |
Texture of Rocks, and Position of Strata |
257 |
Igneous Rocks |
258 |
Mineral Veins |
259 |
Chapter VI.— |
|
Waihao Formation, Extent |
260 |
Position of Strata and Texture of Rocks |
261 |
Age and Thickness. Igneous Rocks. Mineral Veins |
264 |
Chapter VII.— |
|
The Mount Torlesse Formation |
266 |
Texture of Rocks and Position of Strata |
274 |
Extent |
278 |
Thickness and Age. Igneous Rocks |
279 |
Relations to Older Formations |
280 |
Chapter VIII.— |
|
The Melaphyre and Quartziferous Porphyry Eruptions |
281 |
Extent |
282 |
Character and Sequence of Eruptive Rocks. Melaphyre Series |
283 |
Quartziferous Porphyry and Pitchstone Series |
285 |
Chapter IX.— |
|
The Waipara Formation |
291 |
Extent |
292 |
Sequence and Character of Rocks. Position of Strata. Fossil Contents |
293 |
The Cretaceo-tertiary Period in Westland |
298 |
Igneous Rocks |
300page viii |
Chapter X.— |
|
The Oamaru Formation. Extent |
304 |
Sequence and Character of the Rocks. Position of Strata |
305 |
Principal Fossil Contents |
310 |
Igneous Rocks |
313 |
Age and Thickness |
314 |
Chapter XI.— |
|
The Pareora Formation. Extent |
316 |
Sequence and Character of Rocks, and Position of Strata |
317 |
Fossil Contents |
319 |
Igneous Rocks. Age and Thickness |
323 |
Chapter XII.— |
|
Banks' Peninsula |
324 |
Chemical Analysis of Rocks |
350 |
The Christchurch and Lyttelton Railway Tunnel |
355 |
Chapter XIII.— |
|
The Alluvial Goldfields of Westland |
361 |
Chapter XIV.— |
|
(A) Raised Beaches |
366 |
(B) The Loess Formation |
367 |
Extent |
369 |
Chapter XV.— |
|
The Great Glacier Formation—General Considerations |
371 |
Extent and Characteristics of the Glaciers (A) Eastern Slopes of the Southern Alps. The Waitaki Glacier |
384 |
The Rakaia Glacier |
386 |
The Rangitata Glacier |
390 |
The Waimakariri Glacier |
391 |
The Clutha Glacier (B) Western Slopes of Southern Alps |
392 |
(C) The Formation of the Canterbury Plains |
396 |
Tables of Altitudes of Canterbury Plains |
403 |
Chapter XVI.— |
|
The Quaternary and Recent Periods—(A) First Appearance of Man in this Island |
407 |
(B) The Dinornithidæ or Moa |
431 |
(C) Occurrence of Moa-bones and Time of Extinction of the Dinornithidæ |
437 |
(D) Glenmark |
442page ix |
Chapter XVIII.— |
|
Economic Geology—Coal |
450 |
Building Stones |
462 |
Limestones |
463 |
Clays |
464 |
Sands, Ores |
465 |
Gold |
466 |
Copper, Iron, and Manganese |
467 |
Other Ores. Water Supply |
468 |
Chapter XIX.— |
|
Altitudes |
474 |