Other formats

    TEI XML file   ePub eBook file  

Connect

    mail icontwitter iconBlogspot iconrss icon

Sir George Grey Pioneer of Empire in Southern Lands

Table of Contents

Previous Section | Table of Contents | Up | Next Section

page xiii

Table of Contents

Page
Chapter I
Introduction
Influence of the French Revolutionary teaching on England and on Sir George Grey—His love of Nature and his enthusiasm for humanity—Continuity of his work shown by reference to his public policy—His views on the Land Question, Extension of the Franchise, and Education of the Masses—His enthusiasm for Empire, and his attachment to the principle of self-government—His arguments reviewed in relation to the problem of Imperial Unity—Merits and defects of Sir George Grey's native policy—His extraordinary personal influence over primitive and aboriginal races—General observations on the work which he accomplished in South Africa and Australasia—His place among the builders of Empire in the Southern Hemisphere 		1
Chapter II
Early Life
1812-1837. ætat 25
Tragic circumstances of Sir George Grey's birth—Gallant conduct and death of his father at the siege of Badajoz—Aristocratic traditions of the family—George Grey's training and achievements at the Royal Military College—Service in Ireland from 1830 to 1837—His experiences among the Irish peasantry—Growing convictions respecting Home Rule and the Irish Land Question—Dissatisfaction with the political and social conditions of the Old World—Changing ambitions—Exploratory expedition to North-West Australia in 1837 		17
Chapter III
Exploration
1837-1839. ætat 25-27
Objects of the expedition to Hanover Bay—Discovery of the Glenelg River—Second expedition to the North-West in 183.8—Disasters at Bernier Island and Gan-theaume Bay—Terrible sufferings of the party on the overland journey to Perth—Discrepancy between the accounts furnished by Lieutenant Grey and Captain Stokes of a particular locality—Explanation by Captain Grey—Substantial accuracy of Grey's account proved by Deputy Surveyor-General Gregory—Appointment as Resident at King George's Sound—Scheme for the improvement of the natives—Departure for England in 1840—Appointed Governor of South Australia 		27 page xiv
Administration Of South Australia
1841-1845. ætat 29-33
Chapter IV
Native Policy
Attacks on parties of Overlanders by native tribes on the banks of the Murray River—Organization of relief parties in Adelaide—Captain Grey's instructions to Major O'Halloran—Reversal of the policy of Colonel Gawler—Battle of the Rufus River—Results of the inquiry in Adelaide—Captain Grey's schemes for the civilization of the natives—Regular work for adults—Boarding-schools for children—General observations on Captain Grey's native policy in South Australia 		41
Administration of South Australia (Continued)
Chapter V
Bankruptcy to Prosperity
Colonel Gawler's emergency expenditure—Financial embarrassment—Captain Grey's reforms—Introduction of financial system—Rigorous retrenchment—Increased taxation—Grey's determination to drive the people from the town into the country—Sufferings of the colonists in 1842—Low-water mark—Turn of the tide in 1843—Triumph of Captain Grey's policy of closer settlement—Statistical table showing progress from 1840 to 1846—Causes by which the recovery of South Australia was effected—Imperial and local recognition of the value of Captain Grey's services 		50
First Administration of New Zealand
1845-1853. ætat 33-41
Chapter VI
The Blast of War
Captain Grey's assumption of the government of New Zealand during a Maori war—Causes of the war at the Bay of Islands against Heke and Kawiti—Conference between the Governor and the Maori chiefs—Rejection of the Governor's ultimatum and renewal of hostilities—Capture of the rebel pah at Ruapekapeka page xv—Successful termination of the war in the North—Outbreak of hostilities in the South near Wellington—Attacks on Rangihaeta—The Governor's strategy—Seizure and capture of Rauparaha at Porirua—Another outbreak near the Wanganui River—Treaty of Wanganui and close of the war in 1848—Examination of the charges made against Grey in his conduct of the war—The seizure of Rauparaha justified—The execution of "Martin Luther" condemned 		72
First Administration of New Zealand
(Continued)
Chapter VII
The Governor and The Great Landowners
Investigation of land-titles in New Zealand by Captain Hobson—Governor Fitzroy's weak and vacillating policy—Important dispatch from Governor Grey to Mr. Gladstone on the Land Question—Reversal of Governor Fitzroy's policy—Legal proceedings, and an appeal to the Privy Council—The famous dispute between the Governor and Archdeacon Williams—The Governor's triumph—The privileges, history, and failure of the New Zealand Company—Sir George Grey's conflict with the Directors and the Colonial Secretary—His reasons for declining to pay the principal and interest on the debt—Reduction in the price of land from 20s. to 5s. an acre—Undesirable effects of the measure—Storm of opposition aroused in the Colony by Earl Grey's instructions concerning the occupation of "waste lands"—The Instructions examined—Vindication of Earl Grey 		89
First Administration of New Zealand
(Continued)
Chapter VIII
The Civilization of The Maoris
Fundamental consideration dominating Sir George Grey's native policy—His profound interest in the history and language of the Maoris—His wholehearted sympathy with the missionaries—His scheme for the education of native children—Employment of adults on roads, farms, and in the police force—Measures adopted for securing justice to the natives in the Law Courts—Sir George Grey's personal influence over the Maoris—Their lamentations on the eve of his departure—Leading defect in the Governor's native policy—Neglect of wise instructions issued by Earl Grey—Consequences of the rapid diminution in the authority of the chiefs in New Zealand 		108 page xvi
First Administration of New Zealand
(Continued)
Chapter IX
The New Zealand Constitution
Earl Grey's Charter of 1846—Suspension of the charter by Governor Grey—Difficulties concerning the native franchise—Grey's true reasons for suspending the charter—Attacks on the Governor by Mr. Fox and the Settlers' Constitutional Association—New Constitution prepared and transmitted by Sir George Grey—Examination of the principles underlying his scheme of government—Proofs of his attachment to Liberal institutions—Close of a brilliant administration in 1853—Departure for England 		121
High Commissioner of South Africa
1854-1861. ætat 42-49
Chapter X
Kaffirs and Kaffirland
Sir George Grey appointed High Commissioner of South Africa and Governor of Cape Colony in 1854—Native troubles in British Kaffraria—Organization of the tribes under Kreli—Schemes for the civilization of the natives—Association of chiefs and Europeans in the exercise of responsible power—Foundation of the Grey Hospital in King Williamstown to undermine the influence of witchdoctors—Native schools for children, and advanced schools for native teachers and the sons of chiefs—Employment of adults on roads, farms, and in European households—Grey's plan of military conquest contrasted with that of his predecessors—Intimate association of the native and European races a vital principle of his policy—General effect of his reforms on the authority of the native chiefs—Threatened insurrection under Kreli—The revelations and prophecy of Umhlakaza—Collapse of the rebellion and punishment of the chiefs—Sir Bulwer Lytton's praise of Sir George Grey's conduct of native affairs 		128
High Commissioner Of South Africa
(Continued)
Chapter XI
The Boer States
Foundation and history of the Orange River State—Moshesh, leader of the Basutos, and his fortress at Thaba Bosigo—Incessant quarrels between the Boer settlers page xviiand the Basutos—The boundary dispute—Line drawn by Sir George Grey in 1858—Charges of slavery against the Boers of the Orange Free State—Investigation by the High Commissioner—Cautious expression of his opinion—Difficulties with the Boers of the Transvaal—Settlement of a boundary dispute—Trouble between Dr. Livingstone and the Boers of the Transvaal—The attack on the Bakwains at Kolobeng—Serious charges made by Dr. Livingstone—Evidence to show that virtual slavery was practised—Extract from a letter written to Mr. M. G. Pretorius—Modification of the treaties in the interests of the natives desired by the High Commissioner—Importance of the native question in South Africa—The Boer and British points of view contrasted 		143
High Commissioner of South Africa
(Continued)
Chapter XII
The Struggle for Federation
Settled policy of Her Majesty's Government before Sir George Grey's arrival in South Africa—Recognition of independent and "buffer" states—The High Commissioner's determined opposition to this policy—His heroic struggle for a united South Africa under the British flag—Successful opposition to Mr. Shepstone's scheme, and to the Boer separatists in Natal—Beginning of the struggle for Federation in 1856—Petition for inclusion from the Orange River State—The brilliant dispatch of August 1858—Objects to be attained by Federation—The proposed form of the Constitution—Rejection of Sir George Grey's proposals by the Imperial Government—Recall of the High Commissioner—Justification of Sir Bulwer Lytton—Grey's repeated acts of disobedience in South Africa—The settlement of the Anglo-German Legion—Negotiations for the introduction of German families—Opposition to the reduction of the Kaffrarian vote—Reinstatement of Sir George Grey by the Duke of Newcastle on specified conditions 		164
High Commissioner of South Africa
(Continued)
Chapter XIII
Defence and Expansion of The Empire
Outbreak of the Indian Mutiny—Appeal from Lord Elphinstone to Sir George Grey—Grey's philosophy of Empire—Diversion of British troops from China page xviiito Calcutta—His extraordinary activity in defence of the Empire, 1857-58—Generous recognition of his services by Imperial ministers and Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen—The High Commissioner's schemes for the extension of Empire in South Africa—Opposition of the Imperial authorities—Adoption of Sir George Grey's policy after his departure for New Zealand—Splendid public recognition of the value of his services to South Africa 		184
Second Administration of New Zealand
1861-1868. ætat 49-55
Chapter XIV
The Maori War
Absence of effective control in Maoriland—Wiremu Tamihana's reforms—Election of a Maori king—Formation of Land Leagues—Ejection of Wiremu Kingi from Waitara in 1859—Suspension of hostilities and appointment of Sir George Grey in 1861—His efforts to secure peace—Scheme for the organization of the native tribes—His attitude towards the Maori king—Hopelessness of the situation owing to a want of trust in the Government—Preparation for war—The tragedy of Omata—The critical event in Sir George Grey's conduct of negotiations—Investigation of evidence concerning the conflict between him and his responsible advisers—The case considered on grounds of law and expediency—Justification of the Duke of Newcastle		 192
Second Administration of New Zealand
(Continued)
Chapter XV
Discord and Failure
The British and Maori forces contrasted—Circumstances advantageous to the Maoris—Maori valour at the siege and capture of Orakau Pah—Failure of the war owing mainly to discord and disunion—Disputes between the Governor and the Premier, Mr. Fox, concerning the prisoners on the hulk Marion, and the confiscation of native lands—Quarrel between Sir George Grey and the Lieutenant-General, Sir Duncan Cameron—Assumption of military powers by the Governor—Capture of Wereroa Pah without loss—Examination of the correspondence between Sir George Grey and Sir Duncan Cameron—Resignation and departure of the Lieutenant-General 		206 page xix
Second Administration of New Zealand
(Continued)
Chapter XVI
The Governor's Insubordination
Sir George Grey's high-handed acts of disobedience—Instructions for the removal of troops not complied with—Unauthorized drafts on Imperial funds continued—Embarrassment of Imperial ministers—Charges against the Governor and his ministers made by Colonel H. E. Weare—Grey commanded to institute a serious inquiry—He "absolutely and solemnly" declined to do so, and "reprimanded" his superior officer—End of Sir George Grey's career as an Imperial officer—Observations on the extraordinary difficulties of the Governor's position—Vacillation of the Colonial Parliament—Justification of Imperial ministers 		225
Premiership of New Zealand
1877-1879. ætat 65-67
Chapter XVII
New Zealand Politics
Sir George Grey enters political life in New Zealand—Unsuccessful struggle for the maintenance of Provincial Parliaments—The Duke of Newcastle's criticism of the Constitution of 1853—Foundation of the Radical or Progressive policy in New Zealand—Sir George Grey Premier, 1877-79—Measures intended to establish a new order of things—Land taxation and compulsory purchase of big estates—Adult franchise and elective governors—Education of the masses—Unconstitutional conduct of the Premier—His deposition in 1879—Sir George Grey's policy not inconsistent with, but a fulfilment of, his life's work—Continuity of the policy under Mr. Seddon 		241
Chapter XVIII
The Evening of His Days 1894-1898. ætat 82-86
Sir George Grey's unexpected visit to England in 1894—Expression of his views on Imperial and political questions—His attachment to the Federal System of government—His lasting belief in education and the possibilities of human nature—Avowal of his life-long determination to " keep the Old World out of the New "—His dislike of the armed camps and dynastic quarrels of Europe—His arguments in favour of Imperial Federation—Dream of an Anglo-Saxon unity—Tranquil and happy close of a stormy career—Burial in St. Paul's 		255 page xx
Chapter XIX
Character of Sir George Grey
Sir George Grey essentially a missionary—His passion for humanity and life-long devotion to an ideal—Analysis of his resourceful and complex nature—Sense of beauty and religious convictions—Belief in an over-ruling Providence and the immortality of the soul—Bravery and foresight—His outward appearance no real index to the greatness of his soul—Strength and intensity of his feelings—Overwhelming sympathy for the simple-hearted and the poor—Courtly and chivalrous manner toward all who were not in a position to thwart his will—Impatience of opposition the tragic fault in Sir George Grey's nature—His morbid sensitiveness to criticism and proneness to suspicion—Incessant quarrels with officers associated with him in power—Necessity for discriminating clearly between his temperament and convictions—Turning-point in the history of Sir George Grey's career—Severe blows, public and private, in 1860—Permanent value of his work in South Africa and Australasia—His Carlylean hatred of shams, splendid reliance on inward resource, and fidelity to the great purpose of a lifetime—Sir George Grey belongs not to a party, but to humanity—In the Australasian democracies he is mighty still 		268
Index 307

Previous Section | Table of Contents | Up | Next Section