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Maori and the State: Crown-Māori relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1950-2000

Chapter 6

Chapter 6

Notes – Chapter 6

1. Department of Maori Affairs, The Maori Today, 1964, ‘Welfare’ section; Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 195.
2. Rangihau, John, ‘Being Maori’, in King, Michael (ed), Te Ao Hurihuri: The World Moves On, Wellington, 1975, p 233 (for ‘unite … and rule’ quote); Sissons, ‘The post-assimilationist thought’, p. 58; Ritchie, ‘The Grass Roots’, pp 80, 83 (for ‘a resurgent Maoritanga’ and related quotes); D N Perry, Interim Committee, Dominion Council of Tribal Executives, to J R Hanan, 20 January 1961, MA 1, 35/2, part 1, box 646, ‘New Zealand Council of Tribal Executives, 1952–1962’ (for ‘sensitive’ quote).
3.Pearce, The Story of the Maori People, p 148 (for ‘crowning achievement’ quote); Maori Welfare Act 1962; Department of Maori Affairs, The Maori Today, 1964, ‘Welfare’ section (includes ‘elected by the Maori public’ and ‘which deal with’ quotes); Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 200–203; Walker, Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou, p 204; Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, p 103; Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self- Government’, pp 75–7; Ormsby, ‘Maori Tikanga’, pp 16–7; Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, p 10.
4.Department of Maori Affairs, The Maori Today, 1964, ‘Welfare’ section (for ‘a form of local government’, ‘general aim’ and following quotes); Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, p 156 (for ‘appointment to the Maori council’ quote); Hazlehurst, Political Expression, p 14; Ormsby, ‘Maori Tikanga’, p16 (for ‘we are further’ quote).
5.Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, p 157 (for ‘jack up’ and ‘representativity was diluted’ quotes), pp 160–61 (p 161 for ‘effectively shackled’ quote); ‘Report of the First New Zealand Maori Council’, nd, MA 1, W2490, 35/2/4, Part 1 (for ‘without reference even’ quote); Evening Post, 22 November 1962, MA 1, 35/2, vol 2; Walker, Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou, p 204 (for ‘artificial construct’ quote); Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 198–9; Metge, The Maoris of New Zealand, p 208 (for ‘the system has not’ and ‘Government plan’ quotes).
6.Walker, Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou, p 205; Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, p 160; Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 75 (for ‘degree of decision-making’ quote), pp 80–1 (p 80 for ‘exhorted members’ quote); Orange, ‘The Price of Citizenship?’, p 246; Labrum, ‘Bringing families up to scratch’, p 166; Labrum, ‘The Essentials of Good Citizenship’, p 451; Ormsby, ‘Maori Tikanga’, p 16 (for ‘cap in hand’ quote); Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, pp 9ff, 56.
7.Hunn, Affairs of State, p 153 (for ‘old net’ quote); Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 75 (for ‘bicultural political relations’ quote), p 79 (for ‘to be viewed’ quote); McHugh, The Maori Magna Carta, p 201 (for ‘rather toothless’ quote); Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, p 21ff (p 23 for ‘offend’ quote and p 27 for ‘spontaneous’ quote).
8.Walker, Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou, pp 204–5; Byron, Nga Perehitini, p 11 (for ‘the League assumed’ quote); Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 202; Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 75 (for ‘a major breakthrough’ quote), p 95 (for ‘hybrid of both European and Maori’ quote); Hazlehurst, Political Expression, pp 33–4; Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, p 21ff (p 29 for ‘spirit’ quote).
9.Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 76 (for ‘the power was really’ quote); Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 180; Tauranga Moana Trust Board Act 1981; Hazlehurst, Political Expression, p 32 (for ‘was a politically discrete’ and ‘maintained a remarkable’ quotes), p 33 (for ‘greater coherence’ quote), p 34 (for ‘essentially a mechanism’, ‘symbol of a will’ and ‘the power’ quotes).
10.Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 168 (for ‘provides for a form of self-government’ quote), p 169 (for ‘promote harmonious’ and following quotes); Walker, ‘Maori People Since 1950’, p 510.
11.Walsh, More and More Maoris, p 38 (for ‘the department’s welfare work’ quote); Labrum, ‘Bringing families up to scratch’, p 166; Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 170 (for ‘outsiders’ and ‘additional duties’ page 310quotes), p 177 (for ‘Greetings, I am a Maori’, ‘dirty’, and ‘a man’s duty’ quotes), pp 179–81; Walker, ‘Maori People Since 1950’, p 502 (for ‘irrevocably integrated’ quote).
12. Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 28 (for ‘agents of social control’ quote), pp 240 and 272, p 275 (for ‘provide material and spiritual assistance’ quote), p 276, p 283 (for ‘acceptance by Maoris’ quote), abstract (for ‘in facilitating’ quote); Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 170 (for ‘riotous, offensive’ and ‘intoxicated, quarrelsome’ quotes), p 171 (for ‘take out a prohibition’ quote), p 178 (for ‘close supervision and surveillance’ quote); Hunn, Report on Department of Maori Affairs, pp 32–5; Fleras, Augie, ‘Maori Wardens’, pp 495–7.
13. Te Puni Kokiri, Discussion Paper on the Review of the Māori Community Development Act 1962, Wellington, 1999, pp 19–20, p 25 (for ‘enforcement and sanction-type’ and ‘connotations of’ quotes); Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 138–40, 275; Butterworth and Butterworth, Policing and the Tangata Whenua, p 33; Stenning, Philip, ‘Maori, Crime and Criminal Justice: over-representation or under-representation’, Paper presented to the Stout Research Centre, 18 March 2005; Walker, ‘Maori People Since 1950’, p 502; Walker, ‘The Politics’, pp 171, 181; Hill, Richard S, ‘Maori police personnel and the rangatiratanga discourse’, in Godfrey, Barry S and Dunstall, Graeme (eds), Crime and Empire 1840–1940: Criminal Justice in Local and Global Context, Cullompton, 2005, pp 177, 183–4.
14. Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 62, 64–5, 275–6, 278; Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, pp 26–7; Stenning, ‘Maori, Crime’.
15. Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 212, 214, p 278 (for ‘Maori had not achieved’ quote), pp 279–80 (p 279 for ‘auxiliary police force’ quote); Royal Commission on the Courts, Report of Royal Commission on the Courts, Wellington, 1978, p 16; Butterworth and Butterworth, Policing and the Tangata Whenua, pp 32–4 (p 33 for ‘discriminatory, in that’ quote); Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 171.
16. Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 206 (for ‘eyes and ears’ quote), pp 214–5, p 283 (for ‘cultural right’ quote), pp 284–91, p 296 (for ‘provide assistance’ quote), p 303 (for ‘in the vanguard’ quote), pp 308–9; Mahuta, Robert, ‘The Maori King Movement Today’, in King, Michael (ed), Tihe Mauri Ora: Aspects of Maoritanga, Wellington, 1978, p 39; Fleras, ‘Maori Wardens’, p 508 (for ‘symbolic of a paternalistic’ and ‘Their objective’ quotes).
17. Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 78; Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 203–4 (p 204 for ‘social criticism’ quote); Harris, ‘Maori and “the Maori Affairs”’, pp 197–201 (p 198 for ‘largely disappeared’ quote).
18. Lange, Maori Well-Being, pp 47–8; Ormsby, ‘Maori Tikanga’, pp 17–8; Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, pp 77–81; Walker, ‘The Politics’.
19. Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 176 (for ‘nature of the court’ and following quotes), p 179 (for ‘physical setting’, ‘emphasised’ and ‘presence in uniform’ quotes); Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, p 78.
20. Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 177 (for ‘Dirty Maoris’ quote), p 178 (for ‘loss of face’ quotes), p 180 (for ‘fall’, ‘succeed’ and ‘offence is committed’ quotes).
21. Poulsen and Johnston, ‘Patterns of Maori Migration’, pp 172–3; Walker, ‘The Politics’, pp 179–80 (p 180 for ‘When you die’ quote); Butterworth, ‘Aotearoa 1769–1988’, ch 9, pp 22–4.
22. Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, pp 204–5, p 280 (for ‘kangaroo courts’ quote); Lange, Maori Well-Being, p 48 (for ‘discriminatory’ quote); Stokes, Evelyn (ed), Nga Tumanako: National Conference of Maori Committees, Hamilton, 1978, p 44 (for ‘a strong feeling’ quote); Royal Commission on the Courts, p 122 (for ‘divided society’ and ‘did not consider’ quotes), p 176 (for ‘informed that local Maori’ quote), p 271 (for ‘special courts’ quote).
23. Ward, Alan, A Show of Justice, p 315 (for ‘the devolution of minor’ quote); Labrum, ‘The Essentials of Good Citizenship’, p 453; Harris, Hīkoi, pp 17, 20; Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, pp 19–20; Brookes, Barbara, ‘Nostalgia for “Innocent Homely Pleasures”’, in Brookes, Barbara (ed), At Home in New Zealand: Houses, History, People, Wellington, 2000; Westra, Ans, Washday at the Pa (Castle Press ed, including ‘Publisher’s Note’), Christchurch, 1964; Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 205 (for ‘suppress’ quote).
24. Kawharu, I Hugh, ‘Urban Immigrants’, p 186 (for ‘Maori want[ed] to be Maori’ quote); Butterworth, Graham, Newspaper Clippings Collection, Treaty of Waitangi Research Unit, box 4 (for ‘sufficiently removed’ quote), Department of Maori Affairs, The Maori Today, 1964, ‘Welfare’ section (for ‘complex and perplexing’ and following quotes); Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, p 26.page 311
25. Stokes et al, Te Urewera, pp 303–7 (p 303 for ‘as tangata whenua, the host people’ quote, p 306 for ‘the urban situation’ quote, p 307 for ‘based on the continuing’ quote).
26. Ausubel, ‘The Maori’; Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 67 (for ‘[t]raditional knowledge’ quote), p 68; Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 180 (for ‘close scrutiny’, ‘work of a Maori committee’ and ‘norms of good conduct’ quotes); Metge, Joan, ‘Kia Tupato! Anthropologist at Work’, Oceania, 69(1), Sept 1998, p 1 (for ‘Maori have resisted’ quote).
27. Cox, Kotahitanga, p 76, p 107 (for ‘opportunity for input’ quote), pp 106–7; McRae, Jane, ‘Participation: Native Committees (1883) and Papatupu Block Committees (1900) in Tai Tokerau’, MA thesis, University of Auckland, 1981, p 129 (for ‘uncertain of their duties’ quote), p 130 (for ‘welfare of our people’ quote); Harrison, Noel, Graham Latimer: A Biography, Wellington, 2002, pp 83–4; Walker, ‘The Politics’, pp 172, 180–85 (p 180 for ‘real power lay’ quote, p 184 for ‘an adaptive mechanism’ quote).
28. Ritchie, ‘The Grass Roots’, p 85; Schwimmer, Erik, ‘The Maori and the Government’, in Schwimmer, Erik (ed), The Maori People in the Nineteen-Sixties, p 331; Hill, State Authority, pp 50–64; Cox, Kotahitanga, p 76; Hunn, Report on Department of Maori Affairs, p 80; Walsh, More and More Maoris, p 36 (for ‘seems to talk’, ‘hierarchy of structure’ and ‘strangled communication’ quotes); Harrison, Graham Latimer, pp 74–5; Ritchie, James E, Tribal Development in a Fourth World Context: The Maori Case, Honolulu, 1990, p13 (for ‘puppet organization’ quote).
29. Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, p 105 (re DMA); Walker, Ranginui J, ‘The Politics’, p 179 (for ‘just and proper’ and ‘collective moral force’ quotes); McRae, ‘Participation’, p 134 (for ‘personal contact’ quote).
30. Levine, Stephen, The New Zealand Political System: Politics in a Small Society, Sydney, 1979, p 146 (for ‘legitimate participants’ quote); Stokes (ed), Nga Tumanako, p 19 (for ‘experience, education and sophistication’ quote); Stokes et al, Te Urewera, p xviii; Hazlehurst, ‘Maori Self-Government’, p 79; Hazlehurst, Political Expression, p 18 (for ‘comfortable with the values’ quote).
31. Ormsby, ‘Maori Tikanga’, p 17 (for ‘seem to empower’ and ‘local self-government’ quotes); Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’, pp 12–13, 20; Walker, ‘The Politics’, pp 172–5 (p 172 for ‘focal point’ quote, p 175 for ‘grew in stature’ quote), p 179 (for ‘control and mastery’ quote); Maori Community Development Act 1979 see Kernot, People of the Four Winds on European involvement in Maori committees.
32. Prichard and Waetford, Report of the Committee of Inquiry, p 111 (for ‘believes in integration’ quote); Walker, ‘The Politics’, p 180 (for ‘rings you up’ quote); Edwards, Mihipeka, p 190 (for ‘the dignity’ quote); Walker, Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou, p 205 (for ‘struggle’ quote); Williams, Politics of the New Zealand Maori, p 162; Butterworth, ‘Aotearoa 1769–1988’, ch 10, p 16 (for ‘a form of inarticulate protest’ quote).