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A Leaf from the Natural History of New Zealand
Part III
Part III.
Time.
The Natives count time by nights, moons, and stars, and instead of distinguishing the days by names, they confer that honor on the nights; different tribes rather vary in their names and order, but there is a general resemblance between them, as will be seen by the following list, in which four different names, in use among the different tribes, are given to each lunar night respectively. The first three names are those of the nights when the moon is invisible:
Po
| 1. |
Nonihape kamate, Nonihape, Nonihape, Noniape |
| 2. |
Takatakaputeikeiraro, Takatakaputei, Takatakaputei, Takatakaputei ngaromuia |
| 3. |
Witikirawekakitea, Witikiraua, Witikiraua, Witikiraua |
| 4. |
Mawetu, Ohata, Ohata, Ohiro |
| 5. |
Tuhahi, Owenguku, Ohiro, Ohawata hetireo |
| 6. |
Wakapou, Mawetu, Ohowata, Owenguku |
| 7. |
Hehotama, Tutahi, Tuhahi, Mawetu tamatea |
| 8. |
He pa, Wakapou, Mawetu, Tamateatuatahi |
| 9. |
He ari, Pa, Wakapou, Pa tamateawakapa |
| 10. |
He huna, Ari, Pa, Hari |
| 11. |
He mowaru, Hua, Ari, Huni |
| 12. |
He hua, Huna, Huni, Mawaru |
| 13. |
He atua, Mawaru, Mawaru, He hua |
| 14. |
He otu, Atua—full moon, Hua, Atua |
| 15. |
He maure or Mahure, Otu, Atua, Otu |
| 16. |
He oturu, Mahire, Otu, Oturu |
| 17. |
He rakaunui, Rakaunui, Oturu, Rakaunui page 59 |
| 18. |
He rakaumatoke, Rakaumatohe, Rakaunui, Rakaumatohe |
| 19. |
Takirau, Takirau, Rakaumatohe, Takirau |
| 20. |
Te ohika, Ohika, Takirau, Ohika |
| 21. |
Korekoretutahi, Korekoretahi, Ohika, Korikorituhahi |
| 22. |
Korokorowakapou, Korekorewakapou, Tangaroa, Korikori wapou |
| 23. |
Tangaroa amua, Tangaroa amua, Tangaroa amua, Tangaroa amua |
| 24. |
He Roto, Roto, Tangaroa a roto, Tangaroa a roto |
| 25. |
Kiokio, Kiokio, He kiokio, Kiokio |
| 26. |
He o tane, Otane, Otane, Otane |
| 27. |
He Rongonui, Rongonui, Rongonui, Rongonui |
| 28. |
He Mouri, Mouri, Mouri, Mouri |
He Oho mutu, Ohomutu, He Oa mutu, O a mutu.
Po
| 1. |
He Noniape, invisible |
| 2. |
He Ngaromuia, he Ohowata |
| 3. |
Witiki rawa, he tireo |
| 4. |
He Oenguku |
| 5. |
He Okoro |
| 6. |
Tamatea tutahi |
| 7. |
Tamatea tuarua |
| 8. |
Tamatea Wakapa |
| 9. |
He Ari |
| 10. |
He Hua |
| 11. |
He Hune |
| 12. |
He Mawaru |
| 13. |
He Whiro |
| 14. |
He Otu |
| 15. |
He Atua |
| 16. |
He Turu. He Rakaununui |
| 17. |
He Matohe |
| 18. |
He Takirau |
| 19. |
He Oeke |
| 20. |
He Korekore, he korehe |
| 21. |
He Korekorepiri |
| 22. |
Piritangaroa |
| 23. |
Tangaroa amua |
| 24. |
Tangaroa a roto |
| 25. |
Tangaroa a kiokio |
| 26. |
He Otane |
| 27. |
He Rongonui |
| 28. |
He Mauri |
|
He Mutu |
There appears also to have been a kind of division of the nights into decades, as ten nights to the full moon, ten to its disappearing.
The native year commences with the first new moon after the star Puanga is seen in the morning, which is in June:
June, moon 1. Puanga*
July, moon 2. Wakaau* The karaka flowers
Augt. moon 3. Wakapoupoto*Mangere* Kaiwaka*
Sept. moon 4. Te wa taka- page 60 pou* i te wai Oetahi.* The Hou flowers, also the Kowai, Rangiora, Kotukutuku; the month for planting the kumara
Oct. moon 5. Te Rima takapoupoto
Novr. moon 6. Ono. The Rewarewa and Rata flower
Decr. moon 7. Witu, Wakakumu; the karaka is ripe
Jany. moon 8. Waru, Uruao*
Feby. moon 9. Iwa iti, Rehua.* This star is the great sign of Summer as it shines during the whole of it. Iwa nui, Matiti.* Te Marama ka pau te wai; the dry month. Ko te pake o matiti
March, moon 10. Ngahuru. Te Kahue rua; the kumara ripe
April, moon 11. Tuma, Ngahuru tuarua, Mahu and Ko te pae nga wawa, Haratua
May, moon 12. Ko tetahi pipiri, Kai waka, Matariki te marua roa,* Patutahi, Watutahi
Moon 13. Tahi ngungu, grumbling month, little food, bad weather, smoky houses, watery eyes, constant quarrels.
N.B.—The names marked with an* are stars.
The signs of the approach of Summer are the flowering of the following trees and plants:
| 1. |
The Pikiarero, clematis |
| 2. |
The Kotukutuku, fuschia |
| 3. |
The Pukapuka. Syn. with Warangi |
| 4. |
The Ho |
| 5. |
The Kowai |
| 6. |
The Rewarewa, the Rora |
| 7. |
The Pohutukaua |
| 8. |
The Rata. |
The Winter months are distinguished by the rising of the following stars:
| 1. |
Puanga, in May |
| 2. |
Matariki, in June, and Te ra o Tainui |
| 3. |
Kopu and Tautoru, in July |
| 4. |
Wakaau and Mangere, in August. |
Matariki shines all the winter, and is therefore called the great Winter star, as Rehua, which shines all the Summer, is called the great summer star.
The sign that Summer has commenced, and that the Kumara are ripe, is the arrival of the two birds of passage, the page 61 New Zealand Cuckoos, the Kohaperoa, or Koekoea (fascialus Forst.) and the beautiful little Pipiwawaroa (cuculus nitens) which arrive about Christmas, and mark the potatoe harvest; they only remain about six weeks.
The names of the four seasons are:
Ko Toru, Ko Tahi, Ko Takarua, Spring—September, Oct., Nov.
Raumati, Summer—characteristically named from the fall of the leaf, the trees now shedding their old foliage—Dec., Jan., Feb.
Ngahuru, Autumn—March, April, May
Hotoke, Makariri, Winter — June, July, August.
The Summer months are called Waka au nguku, or the season when the sun begins to warm the ground. They are also distinguished by the following names:
Waka au nguku
Waka ahu rangi
Waka ahu Tau
Waka ahu Papa
Waka ahu kerekere tai, tapu ki Hawaiki
Time, (in continuation)
Ahiahi, evening
Ahiahitanga, time of evening
Aianei, to-day; directly
Ake, onwards, either in time or space
Akeakeake, Akenei, henceforth
Akengokengo, to-morrow
Akenoi, until
Akuanei, this evening; presently
Amua, Amuri, hereafter
Anamata, hereafter
Ao, day; light
Aoake, next day
Aoinaake, day after to-morrow
Aongaake, following day
Aotea, when the sun has been up some time
Apopo, to-morrow
Arohirohi, fine day: the quivering heat of the sun when it shines on a clear summer's day; mirage
Ata, morning
Atahapara, break of day
Atapo, before it is light
Atarau, moonlight
page 62Atatu, break of day
Atetahi ra, day after to-morrow
Awaki, day after; two days after to-morrow
Awaki nui atu, three days after to-morrow
Awatea, daylight; noon
Hinakipouri, quite dark
Hotoke, winter
Huaki, dawn
Hutoke, winter
Inaianei, to-day; just now
Inakuara, a little while ago
Inamata, formerly; quickly; immediately
Inanahi, yesterday
Inangeto, quickly
Inaoake, three days ago
Inaoakenui, four days ago
Inapo, last night
Inatahi ra, day before yesterday
Ina tetahi ra, three days ago
Ina waki, four days ago
Ina waki nui atu, five days ago
Ite awatea, at daybreak
Ka tu te ra, noon
Kua po, the day is ended
Kua riko te ra, the sun has waned
Kua titaha te ra, the sun has declined
Maruao, dawn of day
Maru po, midnight
Meake, soon; presently
Nomua, before; formerly
Nonaianei, to-day
Nonakuara, little while ago
Nonamata, long time ago
Nonanahi, yesterday
Nonao ake, day before yesterday
Nonaoakenui, three days ago
Nonapo, last night
O mua, formerly
Parawea, noon
Po, night; also a season
Po hotoke, winter season
Po raumati, summer season
Puaotanga, time of dawn
Ra, daylight; a day
Raumati, summer
Rehurehu, to decline, as the sun
Riko, to wane, as the moon
Rikoriko, dark; twilight
Takiri, dawn of day
Takurua, winter
Taro, short time; soon
Tau, a year
Tetahi wahi, moment
Tirakiraki te hua, full moon
Toene, to set; as the sun
Toenetanga, act or time of sitting
Wa, time; season
Wawe, suddenly
The Heavens, Stars, &c.
Aokai, star
Arohirohi, radiation of the sun on a hot day
Atutahi, star; ruling over September
page 63Auroa, star; a comet; he tohu kai, he tohu tapatupatu; a sign of a fruitful season or war
Autahi, star, ruling over September
Auwahiroa, comet
Haereahiahi, evening star; ka nohomai i tai ko mata i umu
Haereiti, star
Hawiorangi, te toke o Turi
He umu hau, circle round the moon; halo; sign of wind
Hihi, ray of the sun
Hua, full moon
Ka hoki pouri, Ka hinaki pouri, E haere ano ki te mate—no moon
Ka hua te marama, full moon
Kahui, star
Kaiwaka, star, presiding over August
Kaiwaka, star which appears in April and May
Kaiwaka, star, presiding over August
Ka iti, new moon
Ka iti haere te marama, the moon wanes
Ka mate, no moon
Ka mate te marama, ina hoki e tarakau, one rim only of the moon is seen
Kamohani, Kanuihaere, 2nd quarter
Ka puta atamai, increasing moon
Kariko, Ka tino nui, 3rd quarter
Karipiripi, star
Kawitiwiti, star
Kirikiri, star
Kokopu, bright morning star
Komaru, sun
Kopuanga, star
Koteuanui, star
Kotiri, meteor; a falling star
Kowiti, to appear as the new moon
Kukumi, cock crow; morning star
Kuru a auia, star
Kuru a wewinga, star
Mahutonga, star
Mamaru, sun
Mangatawa, star
Mangere, star
Marama, moon; if the moon appears more than usually surrounded with stars, when an enemy approaches, it is a sign the pa will fall; the moon represents the pa, the stars the enemy
Matakokiri, falling star
Mataoturoe, star
Mataka, star
Matiti, star; sign of summer
Matitikura, star
Matariki, star which appears in June, and continues the whole of the winter; it disappears in the spring; it is the great sign of winter
Matitire, star
Matititerauangina, star
Mauhuia, star
Meremere, morning star
Mongoroiata, milky way; when distinctly seen, it is page 64 a sign of a fruitless season; the milky way is thought to be a large fish god, who has a large canoe on the other side of the heaven called Kanetaka, having a man on board named Pupuki
Ngahuihui, star
Nga kawainga, star
Nga tapuwai, star
Ngawata, this star belongs to Nga tuke; a Taitoru, nana i takiri te ra te marama—presides over April
Oetahi, star, presiding over September
Pae, horizon
Patutahi, star, which rules over May
Pioreore, lesser Magellan cloud; it is known by its appearance from what quarter the wind will blow
Pipiri, star
Pipiwarauroa, large white cloud extending across the heavens, commonly called Noah's ark—a sign of strangers coming
Pongoihoro, blue sky
Ponoitaratahi, star
Puanga, star which presides over June and ends the year
Puhera, red color of Mars
Purehurehu, luminous cloud
Ra, sun
Raotainui, star in the constellation of Tainui
Rangawenua, star
Rangi, heaven
Rangiatea, clear atmosphere
Rangimatanuku, greater Magellan cloud
Rauatapatu, star
Rauawehea, star
Rangiwiu, upper regions of the atmosphere; the heavens
Rehua, star which shines during summer, and is, therefore, a sign of summer
Reinga, Hades
Rereahiahi, evening star
Reua, star
Roke, star
Ruamahu, star
Takiara, very bright morning star
Takiri, dawn of day
Takurua, star
Tapupua, star
Taraka, star
Tareao, evening star
Taumanga, star
Tautoru, bright morning star; part of the constellation of the rapa in the waka of Tamarereti
Tawera, morning star
Tawitorangiuru, star; the father of Matariki
Tioreore, star
Tukapotewahi, star
Tuke-o-mawe, constellation in form of an elbow
Uamakau, star
Uanui, star
Uaroa, star
page 65Uatutuki, star
Wakaahu, star, presiding over July
Waka o Tamarereti, three stars in the East forming a constellation of a canoe
Wariwari. Syn. with Pipiwarauroa
Watutahi, star
Wetu, general name for star
Wetukokiri, falling stars
Wetukura, star; when it appears the natives commence their planting
Weturaka, starry firmament
Wetuteme, star
Wetuwero, star; Mars
Wewengu, star.
Elements.
Ahi, fire
Aniwaniwa, rainbow
Anu, cold misty air
Ao-ma, white clouds
Aonga, light
Aopango, clear blue sky
Au, Auahi, smoke
Awiouro, whirlwind
Hahana, to shine as fire
Hungurunguru, rumbling noise; the human voice at a distance
Haruru, rumbling noise
Hatete, fire
Hau, air; wind
Hauhunga, ice
Hauku, dew
Haunui, dew
Haupapa, ice
Haurahi, dew; frost
Haurutu, dew
Hautoru, dew
Hehengi, to blow
He rangi tukupu, cloudy day, without rain
Hihi, hissing of boiling water
Huka, cold
Hukapapa, Hukarere, snow
Kanaku, fire
Kapa, sea clouds
Kapua, cloud
Kapura, fire
Kopaka, ice
Kopata, dew
Korakora, spark
Korohu, Korowanake, steam
Maeke, Makariri, cold
Maku, wet
Mamaha, Mamaoa, steam
Mapura, fire
Marama, light
Maru, to melt
page 66Mataotao, Matoke, coldness
Ngunguru, echo
Oro, echo
Pahunu, fire
Paina, Painaina, to warm
Paki, fine; fair
Paorohine, Paorooro, to tingle
Parikarangaranga, echo; a calling precipice
Pouri, dark
Puaheihei, rainbow
Puhi, to blow
Puia, boiling spring; the noise of escaping gas
Rangi, sky
Rangirangi, to scorch
Rewa, to melt
Taituri, dew
Tokawakawa, dew
Tomairangi, dew
Totoraurau, dew
Tutapue, to rain
Ua, rain
Uira, lightning
Wai, water
Wakatau mai, echo
Watitiri, thunder
Watu, hail.
Of The Water.
Aio, calm
Akau, sea side
Amai, swell
Au, current or rapid
Auha, to jump out of the water
Auhoki, backwater; an eddy
Awa, river
Heru, to flow, as the tide
Honu, water
Huka, foam
Ia, current
Iho, general name for when the current runs through a weir
Kare, ripple
Karekare, the break on a bar
Kauanga, ford
Kere, wetness
Koriparipa, whirlpool
Kuao, squall
Makau, to be low water
Maku, Makuku, wet
Marangai, gale
Marino, Marinoto,
Marinotokitoki, calm
Mata, face of the sea
Matapuna, fountain head
Matahawai, clear transparent water
Matatara, dam
Matawai, source of a river
Marinoke, quite calm
Miru, bubble; a rill of water
Moana, the sea
page 67Ngae, swamp
Ngaru, wave
Ngongi, pure water
Ngote, water
Parata, spray, or breath of the sea
Pata, drop
Pokaka, squall
Pokaretanga, ripple
Puna, spring
Purorohu, current in the sea
Ranga, bar; shoal water
Repo, swamp
Rere, waterfall
Reto, deep water
Rire, deep water; the deep
Roma, current; the wake of a ship
Roto, lake
Taheke, a rapid
Tai, tide; salt water
Taikatoka, tide flowing
Taimate, calm
Taipakoa, Taipakokorawa, dead low water
Taipari, tide coming in; high water
Tairaki, gentle current in the sea
Tairikiriki, neap tide
Taita, obstruction in a river of wood, &c.
Taitimu, ebb tide
Taitutuki, high water
Tangangao, to be calm
Tawi, to ebb
Tepangatai, beginning of flood tide
Tepuna, a spring
Toro, to spread, as the tide
Torere, an abyss
Tuatea, waves
Tukituki, high water
Tutaki, dam
Waikawa, bitter, or brackish water
Waikauau, running water
Waikeri, rivulet or drain
Waikowetaweta, thick muddy water
Waimaori, fresh water
Waimatao, cold water
Waiparariki, iron water, filled with red ochre
Waipouri, thick or dark water
Waireka, good water
Wairere, water fall
Waitowari, clear as crystal
Waiwera, hot water.
Winds.
Aheu, changeable wind from the South West
Auru, S. wind
Autui, N. W. wind
Awa, storm
Awanui, W. wind
Hauarahi, W. wind
Hauatui, N. W. wind
page 68Hauaruru, W. wind
Hauaurunui, S. wind, fine
Hauaurupuapuawai, W.wind; bad for the kumara
Haumoana, sea breeze
Haupa, beating wind
Haupai, N. E. wind
Haupake, S. wind
Haupapa, N. E. wind
Hauparo, long beating wind
Haupurorohu, eddying wind
Hauraro, N. wind
Hauroro, long wind
Hautunu, head wind
Hauwenua, land wind
He parau anake, false wind
He puhi, when it only rains
He tiu, rainy blowing wind
He tupuhi, contrary wind
Kotieu. Syn. with Aheu
Kotiu, N. W. wind; very changeable and rainy
Kotengitengi, gentle wind
Marangai, E. or N. E. wind
Ori, gale, a wet and windy quarter
Pakia, N. W. wind
Parera, N. W. wind
Putongamarangai, S. E. wind
Taparaki, S. W. wind
Tonga, S. wind
Tongamoananui, cold S. E. wind; a cold frosty wind
Tongapai, S. S. E. wind
Tuaraki, N. W. wind
Tukipoho, head wind
Urupuapai, wind
Wakarua, sea breeze
Wakaruhe, windy
Watihu, wind.
Of the Land.
Ahuriri, heap of stones
Akau, sea beach
Akeaka, sloping side
Ana, cave
Arapawa, name for the Middle Island
Aria, promontory
Apiti, precipice
Awaawa, valley
Haupapa, gravelly
Horo, land slip
Hu, promontory
Kakata, cracks in the ground
Kapiti, Kaputi, double precipice
Kaweku, ridge on the ascent of the hill
Keokeonga, peaks of a mountain
Ko papa, name of the earth
Kurae, promontory
Kurutongia, thin soil
Maheno, island
Mania, grassy plain
Mata, face of the earth
Matatatanga, chasm
page 69Maunga, mountain
Motu, an island
Pahiki kura, red land
Pairoa, Middle Island
Papa, ledge of rocks
Parae, plain
Pi, sand spit
Puke, hill
Pukeamoamoa, barren hill
Rae, promontory
Rao, plain
Raorao, flat land
Raro, applied to the North
Reoreo, plain
Ru, an earthquake
Runga, applied to the South of these islands
Taiororua, valley
Tairua, sea sands
Taituauru, West coast
Tahatika, a coast
Tahora, plain
Tahuna, sea beach
Tahunga, sand banks
Tapokopoko, bog
Tarua, valley
Tatahi, sea beach
Te hinga o Mawe, name of the North Island; literally the fishing of Mawe
Titore, fissure, crack, chasm
Toitoi, summit
Tokerau, Eastern coast
Topito, end or extremity
Toropuke, hill
Torouka, a point
Tuauru, Western coast
Tumu, a point
Tupoa, steep
Uta, shore, land
Wai Pounamu, name of the Middle Island
Warekauri, Chatham Isles
Waroa, valley.
Manufactured Substances, Apparel, &c.
Aho, string; cord; the cross threads of a mat
Aronui, mat
Aute, band for the hair made from the bark of a tree
Hakihaki, worn out mat
Hakuku, to scrape flax
Hana, mat
Hanahana, garment besmeared with red ochre and oil
Haro, flax scraped with a shell
Haronga, short garment for rough weather; a garment made from the coarse part of flax
Hei, ornament for the neck; a chain of beads
Heitiki, ornament for the neck, made of greenstone
page 70Heru, comb
Hitau, a small narrow mot for the waist
Hou, feather worn as an ornament in the hair
Hukahuka, strings of a mat
Huru, dogskin mat
Hutihuti, a rope
Ihupuni, dogskin mat
Itau, garment worn round the waist
Kaha, rope
Kahu, garment
Kaitaka, bordered mat
Kaka, Kakahu, garment
Kapara, comb
Kapeu, an ornament of green stone
Karau, comb
Karawai, knot of thread
Karure, to twist flax
Katekate, small mat to cover the shoulders
Kauko, side border
Koheuheu, fan
Koka, native mat
Koriranga, mat; strings of a mat which are not twisted
Koroai, mat with black tags
Korohe, large garment
Korohunga, mat
Kurupatu, border of a garment
Mapara, comb
Maro, small apron worn on the naked body in battle
Miro, thread
Miri, black mat
Moko, tooth of the shark; so called worn as an ear ornament
Muka, flax
Napenga, act of weaving; a piece of work which has been wove
Ngeri, rough native mat
Ngetangata, worn out mat
Ngore, mat. Syn. with Tatata
Paipairoa, mat with a border
Pake, rough mat made of flax leaves. Syn. with Haronga. Strings of a mat
Paki, small garment for the waist
Pakipaki, mat
Pakurakura, red garment
Para, mat
Parawai, mat
Pare, bandage for the head; an ornament
Pareare, Parekereke, Parengarenga, snow shoe; a covering for the sole of the foot; a sandal
Pata, native mat
Patai, garment worn round the waist
Patapata, strings of a mat
Patutu, garment, of which the inner part is wove flax, and upon this strips of prepared dogskin are sewed
Pauku, native garment
Pekapeka, ornament for the ear
Pekerangi, a mat
Pekerere, small garment for the shoulders
page 71Pihepihe, small narrow mat for the waist
Pingao, belt, made from a plant of that name
Pingau, strings of a mat
Pohoi, bunch of feathers worn in the ear
Pokai, ball of twine
Pongi, native girdle
Porera, floor mat for sleeping on
Potae, covering for the head
Puihihi, strings of a mat
Pureki. Syn. with Koko. A rough outer mat with loose flax stalks outside
Pute, Putea, a bag; a basket
Puweru, native mat
Reke, top knot; the hair of the head tied up in a bunch
Reko, white dogskin mat
Remu, hem or border of a garment
Rena, to be stretched out as a garment
Repa, mat
Routu, comb; made from the wood of a tree of that name
Ruruku, girdle; a band
Taheha, small mat
Taniko, embroidered border of a garment
Tapa, thin cloth (qy. is it a N. Z. word?)
Tarahau, mat. Syn. with Haronga
Tatara, mat
Tatara, mat
Tatua, girdle. Syn. with Witiki
Tau, string; as of a garment
Taupiko, ornament of green stone
Taura, rope
Tihei, garment
Tihitihi, mat
Tihore, flax; scraped with the nail
Tiki, green jade ornament
Tipuna, knot
Titaha, mat
Toi, black rough mat; like the thatch of a house
Topuni, dogskin mat
Tuahau, rough mat. Syn. with Pake
Turuturuparawai, sticks to which the web of the mat is fastened in weaving
Ukiuki, hen
Waihinau, mat
Wakaewa, strings of a mat
Wakaheke, rope
Wakakai, ornament for the ear
Wara, mat; used as a carpet
Warariki, Wariki, mat; used as a carpet; a word applied to any covering of a floor, whether fern or grass, or branches of trees
Watu, web of the mat
Watunga, piece of work which is being wove
Uenu, loose, unwove threads
Werotaringa, rough mat. Syn. with Ngeri
Weruweru, garment of any kind
page 72Weweru, garment. Syn. with Weruweru
Witiki, girdle; belt. Syn. with Tatua.
Of A Canoe.
E a, to be hauled on shore as a canoe
Haumi, piece of wood by which the body of a canoe is lengthened; the joint by which it is connected to the canoe
Hautu, a man, who stands in a canoe to keep time for the rowers
Honga, strip of wood on the side of a canoe
Hirau, paddle
Hoe, paddle
Hokai, stay or brace
Hutihuti, rape
Ihu, head of a ship or boat
Kaituki, captain of a canoe
Kaupapa, fleet
Kei, stern of a canoe
Koke, to go ahead, as a canoe
Kopapa, small canoe
Koki, small canoe
Komaru, sail of a ship or canoe
Konia, canoe
Kopapa, canoe
Kopiupiu, to swing, as a vessel to her anchor
Koporo, square sterned canoe or boat
Korea, small canoe
Kotokoto, sheet of a sail; the sprit
Mama, to leak
Mamaru, sail of a canoe or ship
Manu, to float
Moki, canoe, made of raupo; a raft
Neke, skid, upon which canoes are dragged into the sea; a canoe
Niao, gunwale of a canoe or boat
Noko, stern of a canoe
Oe, paddle
Pahua, board sewed on the body of the canoe
Paremata, stern of a vessel
Pinaku, war canoe
Pitau, war canoe with a carved stern
Punga, anchor; a stone used as an anchor
Purengi, stay for a mast
Puwenua, stay for a mast
Ra, sail of a canoe or boat; it includes the mast, which, separately, is called the rakau
Rahiri, rope
Rango, skid; a piece of wood laid upon the ground, over which boats or canoes are dragged
page 73Rapa, stern part of a canoe; carved stern
Ranawa, side boards of a canoe. Syn. with Pahua
Rauwawa, boards sewed on the body of a canoe. Syn. with Pahua
Rere, to sail
Rewa, mast
Riu, interior of a canoe
Ta, vessel to bale water with in a canoe; also to bale
Ta, carved stern of a canoe
Takere, keel
Takotokoto, sprit of a sail
Tangere, keel of a ship or canoe
Tangi, to bale water
Tata, vessel with which water is baled out of a canoe
Tatai, to ornament with feathers
Tau, carved stern of a canoe
Taumaru, cross bars of a canoe
Taurua, double canoe
Tawai, canoe, without attached sides
Tete, figure head of a canoe; a war canoe
Tiheru, vessel with which to bale a canoe
Tiratu, mast of a native sail
Tirou, to steer a canoe by dashing the paddle into the water and drawing it towards one
Titoko, sprit of a sail
Tiwai, small canoe, having no carved stern
Tokai, strip of wood which covers the joint of the sides of a canoe
Toko, pole, to shove with
Tuki, song during the time of rowing a canoe
Tute, to shove with a pole
U, to arrive by water
Umere, song, repeated in dragging a canoe
Uruku. Syn. with Taurua
Urunga, Urungi, rudder, or steering paddle
Uta, to put on board a ship or canoe
Wahu, sheets of a sail
Waka, canoe
Wakaheke, rope
Wakarei, carved work, at the head and stern of a canoe
Wakarewa, to cause to float; to launch
Wakawito, sail for a canoe or boat.
Houses, &c.
Amohanga, elevated platform for food; the posts of a Wata
Anga, aspect of a house or garden
Arahanga, bridge or ladder
page 74Arai, shade; a screen
Arawata, bridge; a ladder
Au, Awe, smoke soot; these two are added, as they are inseparable adjuncts to every native house
Hamoko, opening between the small bundles of raupo which form the sides of a house
Hangi, oven
Hapoki, potatoe house
Haurangi, verandah
Heke, rafter
Hereumu, cooking house
Herupe, top of a window
Hoka, screen, made of bushes
Hopekiwi, potatoe house under ground
Hopi, native oven
Hau, screen from the wind
Huahua, rails of a fence
Ikuiku, eaves of a house
Kaeaea, verandah; the image over the centre of the verandah
Kaho, battens
Kakaka, fern stalks, used in building
Kamuri, cooking house or shed
Kangatungatu, verandah
Karahu, oven
Karapi, sticks put crossways in building a house to keep the reeds or rushes in their places
Karawa, bed in a garden
Karupe, lintel of a door
Kauae, beam of a building
Kauta, cooking house or shed
Kawawa, palings of a fence
Kereteki, outer fence of a fortified village
Koaka, floor mat
Koihi, verandah
Kokonga, corner
Komanga, stage upon which food is kept in store
Konakitanga, corner. Syn. with Kokonga
Konao, oven
Kopa, oven
Kopae, house ornamented with carved work
Kopanga, inner corner
Kopuha, small house
Korere, funnel or spout
Kori, native oven
Koronae, stile
Koropu, house
Kotopihi, window
Kuhu, cooking house
Kuhunga, hiding place
Kukaware, soot
Kurupae, joist or sleeper of a house
Kuwaha, verandah
Mahau, verandah
Maehe, fence; verandah
Maihi, verandah; the facing boards of the roof of a native house
Marae, verandah; an enclosure in a pa belonging generally to one individual or family; properly the space before the Tohunga's house
Matapihi, window
page 75Matatara, dam for water
Moa, bed in a garden
Nati, to tie up raupo in constructing the walls of a house
Nehe, rafter of a house
Ngawaewae, door posts
Nohoanga, seat
Okeoke, oven
Pa, fortified place; a name taken from the fence which surrounds the village
Paenga, site to build upon; a boundary
Paepae, threshold
Pahoka, screen from the wind
Pahuki, shade or screen
Pakahokaho, skirting board of the verandah
Pakitara, walls of a house
Pakorokoro, stile; fence
Pakuka, screen from the wind Syn. with Pahoka
Paparahi, stage upon which kumara are dried
Pare, carving above the door
Paru, coat of raupo on the walls of a house
Pataka, store house raised upon posts; a stage upon which food is laid up in store; an enclosure
Patakitaki, dividing board inside
Patengitengi, house wherein kumara are kept
Patu, wall of a house
Patutu, screen
Pehipehi, sill of a door frame
Pekirangi, outer fence of a pa
Pihi, watertight; as a house
Pikitara, house
Poro, to be flat, as a roof
Poti, inner corner, as of a room
Pou, post for a house or fence
Poupou, side posts of the house
Poutahu, middle post inside
Poutokomanawa, centralpost of the verandah
Puni, shed for a taua or hakai
Raihi, small enclosure; a pig stye
Rara, stage
Ri, Rianga, screen
Roau, rail
Rona, to put mangemange upon the roof of a native house
Ropa, fortified village
Roro, verandah
Rua, storehouse
Ruakoauau, kumara store
Ruatahuhu, potatoe store
Ruatirawa, store, the floor of which is excavated
Rueke, verandah
Taepa, fence
Tahu, Tahuhu, ridge pole
Taiepa, fence. Syn. with Taepa
Takipai, rails of a fence
Takapau, floor mat
Takitaki, fence. Syn. with Taiepa
page 76Tangotango, rails of a fence
Tapatu, to roof a house
Tapi, oven
Tara, walls
Tarahu, oven
Taraware, storehouse for kumara
Tata, Tatara, fence
Tatau, door
Tatauhauhunga, window
Taumahi, small tower of a fortified village; facing boards of the roof of a house
Taura, little piece of wood which fastens the window
Tautari, to tie up reeds to the side of a house
Tawaha, bed in a garden
Teki, outer fence of a pa
Tekoteko, figure placed at the top of the gable end of a native house
Tia, peg
Tienga, floor mat
Tihokahoka, shed
Timanga, stage upon which food is placed. Syn. with Wata, Pataka
Toko, side post of a window
Tuahau, sacred house
Tuanui, roof of a house
Tuaroa, Tuarongo, back part of a house
Tuhi, stitching of the reeds
Tumatakihou, smaller side posts between the large ones
Tumatapu, small binding batten
Tumu, Tumutumu, posts
Tuparuparu, to build with raupo
Tupuni, to build up the sides of a house. Syn. with Tuparuparu
Tutaka, carved ridge pole of the verandah
Tuturu, door post; to leak, as through the roof
Tuwaru, stuffing of the walls
Tuwatawata, fence
Uhi, to thatch
Ukiuki, verandah
Urupa, fence round a grave
Waitoka, doorway
Wakairo, carving
Wakamahau, verandah
Wakamarumaru, screen from the wind
Wakaporo, tops of the posts of the pa cut to represent the heads of their enemies
Wakarawa, fastener for a door
Wakaruru, screen
Wana, upright sticks of a fence; battens
Wao, nails
Warariki, mat used as a carpet
Warau, temporary sleeping shed
Ware, house
Warekohuku, house with a gable end
Warepuni, good house; a warm house; a sleeping house
page 77Waretuturu, house with a hipped roof
Wareumu, cooking house
Warewarau, shed
Wata, stage on which food is kept. Syn. with Timanga
Watitoka, doorway
Wawa, fence.
Implements, &c.
Aho, string; cord
Amo, bier or platform on which a sick man is carried
Arawata, bridge; a ladder
Aropaua, double net for small fish
Aruaru, small hand net
Atamira, bed
Auau, basket of seed potatoes
Hake, bowl
Hako, spoon
Hamaru, part of an implement for digging upon which the foot is pressed
Hanganoa, small basket for cooked food
Hangere, basket half full
Hangohango, implement for digging
Hani, implement of war
Hao, basket in which cockles are collected
Hapainga, basket of food carried in the hand
Haronui, large adze, requiring to be used with both hands
Hawe, that part of a net which is last in the water, and completes the enclosure
Hemanga, basket half full
Here, spear for birds
Heru, comb
Heu, razor
Hikirewa, crate for holding food
Hinaki, basket in which eels are caught
Hipoki, lid or cover
Hirau, paddle
Ho, spade
Hoanga, stone to sharpen tools
Hoe, paddle
Hoto, wooden spade
Hua, handspike
Huata, long spear
Hukihuki, stick upon which is put fish, &c., to be roasted
Ipu, calabash
Kahaka, calabash
Kahaki, ropes or straps by which a load is carried on the back
Kahararo, rope of the under side of a net
page 78Kaharunga, rope of the upper side of a net
Kaheru, digging implement
Kaikohure, smaller of two sticks by which fire is procured
Kairawaru, spear in its rough state
Kaka, fishing net
Kakapu, basket of cooked food
Kakau, handle of a tool
Kani, saw or file
Kapu, adze
Karaha, calabash
Karau, comb
Karehu, spade
Karewa, buoy
Karo stick to parry off blows
Kauati, stick with which fire is procured
Kauhoa, native palanquin
Kaukau, spear
Kaukau, spear
Kawe straps by which a load is carried
Kete, native basket
Kia, calabash
Kimi, calabash
Kiwe, handle of a basket
Ko, spade
Koaka, calabash
Kohaohao, basket of food
Kohna, even excavated in the ground
Kokiri, spear
Koko, spoon
Kono, small basket for cooked food
Kopere, sling; a bow
Korere, funnel or spout
Korotete, basket
Korou, channel
Kota, knife; scissors
Kotaha, sling
Kuku, pair of pincers; a pair of muscle shells
Kukuti, net
Kumeti, native bowl; a basin cut out of solid wood
Kupenga, fishing net
Kutikuti, scissors
Mahanga, snare
Mahe, sinker for a fishing
Maihea, line
Makahi, wedge
Manana, fishing rod
Mapara, native comb
Mapu, squirt
Maripi, knife
Mata, point of a spear; a bullet, lead; meshes of a net
Mataora, wedge
Matata, pad for the back
Matau, fish hook
Matia, spear
Matika, Matikara, fish hook
Matika, to carry on a litter
Mekameka, chain
Mere, implement of war made of stone
Mowiti, hoop of a cask
Nape, fishing line
Ngutu, brim of a vessel
Noni, fish hook
Oka, stick used as a fork
Oko, bowl; an eating vessel made of wood
page 79Ora, wedge
Paepa, native basket; a piece of a calabash
Pahaka, calabash
Pahai, basket used in catching fish
Pake, small triangular implement of war about 18 in. long
Panehe, small war hatchet; a small adze used with one hand
Panekeneke, small edge tool
Paoi, implement to pound fern root with
Papa, back of the fish hook
Papapa, calabash
Paparahua, kind of table from which food is eaten
Papari, crate for food
Paraharaha, small iron implement; an edge tool
Pate, stick used by natives to make fire
Patiti, hatchet
Peketua, basket half full, carried on the back in addition to the one that is full
Pepepe, basket
Pewa, snare for birds
Poha, native basket
Poneke, sledge
Popoia, handles of a basket
Pooti, long basket for cooked food
Poukoro, long net
Pouwerawera, basket to catch small fish
Pu. gun
Puapua, shield
Puka, spade
Pukoro, small net
Pukororoa, large basket
Pukorutuna, eel basket
Pukupuku, close made met, wetted and tied round the arm as a shield
Punga, anchor; a stone used as an anchor; a basket used for catching eels
Pupuhi, bellows
Purou, fork
Puru, plug or cork
Purupuru, chisel
Pute, bag; a basket to contain clothes
Putea, bag; a basket to contain clothes
Rahu, basket. Syn, with Kete
Rakuraku, implement to scratch with; a rake; a small hoe
Rama, rozor or torch
Rapa, flat part of a spade or paddle
Raro, implement with which cockles are collected
Rawi, basket
Reti, snare
Ripi, stick to kill eels with
Rohe, hand net for fish
Roherohe, torch
Rore, snare
Rori, basket in which cockles are gathered under water
Rou, implement by which cockles are collected
Rourou, basket for cooked food
Rohutu, comb
Rukuruku, basket half full
Ta, hammer or mallet; a vessel to bale water with in a canoe
page 80Taha, calabash
Tahe; calabash
Taiaha, implement of war; also used as a walking staff. Syn. with Hani
Takekenga, mesh of a net
Tao, spear
Tapakuri, basket
Tara, spear head of the Here; a point, a thorn
Tare, snare for birds
Tareke, very small edge tool
Taruke, basket for catching cray fish
Tata, vessel with which water is bailed out of a canoe; a small net
Tatari, sieve
Tau, handle, as of a bucket
Taukoro, large basket
Taupoki, lid; a covering
Tauwatu, fishing net
Tawa, calabash
Tawiti, trap for rats; not unlike our mole trap in construction, but more ingenious
Teka, part of a digging implement, called Ko, upon which the foot is pressed
Tetere, trumpet
Tia, stake; a peg
Tiheru, vessel to bale a canoe with
Timati, short spear
Tirau, peg; a small stick
Tirou, fork; a pointed stick used as a fork
Titaha, axe
Titi, nail
Toeke, rope tied round each ankel, by the assistance of which trees are climbed
Toemi, hand net
Tohake, basket
Toki, axe; an edged tool
Tokotoko, walking stick
Toroai, implement of war made of wood, flat at one end and pointed at the other
Tu, part of a fishing net which is first in the water
Tumere, weapon of war
Tupe, snare for birds
Turupou, walking stick; a post upon which anything is put
Umu, oven made in the earth
Urunga, pillow; a rudder or steering paddle
Urungi, rudder or steering paddle
Wahaika, warlike instrument made of wood
Wai, calabash; bag of a fishing net
Wairu, file
Wakahaehae, any thing to frighten; a scarecrow
Wakapipinga, work which is constructed in a regular manner, by placing one thing upon another, as in masonry
Wakaturi, pad to defend the back when a load is carried; a covering to keep off wet and dirt
Wakarapa, fish basket
page 81Wakatomo, large basket
Wakatungangi, stile
Wakamurakau, cloth wrapped round the arm as a defence
Wakawai, fishing net
Wana, bent stick which forms part of a rat trap
Wao, nail
Wiri, gimlet
Witi, hoop
Wiu, whip.
Amusements.
Araporaka, stilts
Haka, dance
Kahu, native kite; made in shape like a bird, of reeds stitched together
Kaihora, whippingtop; much the same as the European one, only rather longer
Kaihotaka. Syn. with Kaihora
Kanikani, dance of a jeering character
Kokiri, pole: flattened on the top for a person to stand on, and inclined over deep water; a favorite amusement to run up to the top, and then jump into the water
Kopere, to sling by a stick with a piece of string tied to the end of it
Kotaha, sling
Mawi, game something like cat's cradles; the cord being made to assume the form of houses, canoes, and men; Mawi was its author; it appears to be connected with ancient tradition
Meke, pugilistic game
Morere, swing; a lofty pole with ropes attached to its top
Moto, to fight with the fist
Mu, draughts: an introduced game
Neti, game of skill, in which young men try who can dart a fern stalk to the greatest distance along the surface of the ground
Ngaoreore-tamaiti, nursery song
Pakau, Pakaukau, Syn. with Kahu
Patere, dance in a canoe
Piu, to skip; a skipping rope
Poi, ball, with a string appended, with which it is played; a game with the hands also
Ponokawakawa, game
Porotiti, game which consists in twirling about a small oval piece of wood
page 82Potaka. Syn. with Kaihora
Pouturu, stilts
Raratuna, game
Rorekiore, game
Ruriruri, native play of singing in chorus
Ta, whip for a top
Takaro, general name for play; also, to wrestle
Tureureu, game
Tau, game
Tauramaki, game which is played in deep water, by two persons trying who can keep the other longest under water
Ti, game played with the fingers
Tutukai, played with a number of stones; a game consisting of the opening and shutting of the fingers and bending the arm in a certain manner, and uttering the whole of the following words at a breath:—Ka tahi tikarua, ka haramai tapati tapato reka rau ua ka noho te kiwi ka pohe wa tautau topi topa ka huia mai ka toko te rangi kai ana te wetu kai ana te marama o te tui e rere ra runga o te pera peka o hua kauere turakina te are to wiwi wawa ke ke ke te manu kei Taupiri
Tutungarau, to dance the war dance.