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Synoptic Keys to the Genera of Ophiuroidea

Sources

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Sources

1. Abiidgaard , 1789 (in O. F. Müller)—Zoologia Danica, 3. (Asberias nigra Plate 93 = Ophiocomina nigra).

2. Agassiz, L., 1836. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel , 1, 1835. (Ophiurella 192, Ophiocoma 192, Trichaster 193).

3. Bell, T. J., 1884. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. , Rep. Voyage "Alert", pp. 135, 511. (Neoplax p. 511, Ophiopinax p. 135.)

4. — 1892. A contribution to the classification of Ophiurids. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892 (Ophioteresis.)

5. — 1894. On the echinoderms collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Penguin and H.M.S. Egeria when surveying Macclesfield Bank. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894 . (Ophiocrene 410.)

6 — 1902. Rep. Voyage "Southern Cross". (Ophiosteira , p. 217; Ophionotus, p. 218.)

7. Brock, J., 1888. Die ophiuridenfauna des indischen archipels. Zeit. wiss. Zool. 47. (Lütkenia 522, Ophioaethiops 524, Ophiosphaera 526, Gymnolophus 521.)

8. Clark, A. H., 1916. A new genus of Ophiurans. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6 (12). (Ophiomaria 384).

9. — 1918. A new genus of Gorgonocephalidae from the Caribbean Sea. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. , 54. (Astrocynodus 638).

10. — 1920. Echinoderms. Rpt. Canadian Arctic Exped. 1913–18, 8 (c). (Ophiozea 6, for Ophiura robusta Ayres and O. maculata Ludwig, but no diagnosis.)

11. — 1934. A new genus of brittlestars from Puerto Rico. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 91 (13). (Quironia 1.)

12. — 1938. Echinoderms collected on the Presidential cruise of 1938 . Smithson. Misc. Coll. 98 (11). (Ophiocomella 4.)

13. — 1949. Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Ber. P. Bishop Bull. 195. (Ophioleila 13.)

14. — 1952. Schizostella, a new genus of brittlestar (Gorgonocephalidae). Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 102. (Schizostella 451.)

15. Clark, A. M., 1953. A revision of the genus Ophionereis . Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 123 (1) 65–94. (Critical revision of species, and a revision of the genera included in Fam. Ophiochitonidae.)

16. Clark, H. L., 1909. Notes on some Australian and Indo-Pacific echinoderms. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 52 (7). (Cryptopelta 130, Conocladus 132, Bathypectinura 128.)

17. — 1911. North Pacific Ophiurans of the U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 75. (Anthophiura 92, Ophiopenia 102, Ophiocrasis 175, Ophiophrura 249, Ophiurases 250, Ophiologimus 252, Ophiostyracium 253, Ophioschiza 254, Ophiophrixus 272, Ophiocynodus 274, Ophiosyzygus 275, Ophiohymen 277, Ophioleptoplax 278.)

18. — 1913. Echinoderms of Lower California. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 32. (Diopederma 206.)

19. — 1914. The Echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Rec. W. Austral. Mus. 1. (Astrogymnotes 153.)

20. — 1915. A remarkable new brittlestar. J. Ent. Zool. Claremont Cal. 7. (Ophiocryptus 64.)

21. — 1915. Catalogue of Recent Ophiurans. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 25. (Ophioholcus 192, Ophioprium 214, Ophiocormus 219, Homalophiura 325, Amphipholizona 335, Ophiozonoida 340.)

22. — 1923. The Echinoderm Fauna of South Africa. Ann. S. African Mus. 13. (Dictenophiura 361.)

23. — 1928. The Sea-lilies, Sea-stars, etc. of the South Australian Museum. Rec. S. Australian Mus. 3 (4). (Ophiocrossota 450.)

24. — 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932 . Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard , 55. (Ophiothauma 211, Amphistigma page 36244, Lissophiothrix 275, Macrophiothrix 278, Placophiothrix 309, Ophiodyscrita 355, Ophioteichus 360.)

25. Clark, H. L., 1939. Ophiuroidea. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. John Murray Exped. 6 (2). (Ophiocyclus 41, Amphioncus 67, Anamphiura 70, Amphiomya 72, Ophiopyrgoides 101, Ophiochorus 102, Ophiuraster 104, Anophiura 117.)

26. — 1941. The Echinoderms (other than Holothurians) of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies. Mem. Soc. cubana Hist. nat. 15. (Amphitarsus 83, Ophiosphalma 98.)

27. — 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 566. (Amphiophiothrix 217.)

28. Danielssen, D. C. & Koren, J., 1877. Fra den norske nordhavs-Expedition. Nyt. Magas. Naturid. 23. (Ophiopleura 77.)

28a. Djakonov, A. M., 1952. Issled. dalnevost. Morei, 3, p. 118. (In Russian.) (Ophiomonas, 118.)

28b. — 1954. Ophiurii Morei SSSR. M-L. Izd-vo Akad. Nauk SSSR. (In Russian.) (Toporkovia, 130.)

29. Doderlein, L., 1896. Bericht über die von Herrn Prof. Semon bei Amboina und Thursday Island gesammelten Ophiuroidea. Denkschr. med.-nat. Gesel. Jena , 8. (Ophiotriton 288.)

30. — 1898. Bericht über . . . epizoisch lebende ophiuroidea. Jena Denkschr. 8. (Ophiophthirius 486.)

31. — 1911. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. Abh. bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2 (5). (Astrothorax 24, Astroconus 36, Astrodendrum 38, Astrospartus 50, Astroboa 79, Astrorhaphis 54, Astrocyclus 89, Astrodactylus 91, Astrogordius 88, Astrocaneum 92.)

32. — 1927. Indopacifische Euryalae. Abh. bayer. Akad. Wiss. 31. (Astrocrius 21, Astracme 31, Astroplegma 36, Astroglymma 47, Astrodictyum 56, Astrobrachion 77.)

33. — 1930. Die Ophiuroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 2, Euryalae. Wiss. Ergeb. d. Tiefsee-Exped. 22. (Astrohamma 306, Astrostephanus 366, Astrohelix 367, Astrozona 367.)

34. Düben, M. W. and Koren, J., 1845. Ofversigt af Skandinaviens echinodermer. Ofvers. Vetens Akad. Förh. Stockholm , 2 (3). (Ophiopeltis 74.)

35. Duncan, P. M., 1886. On the ophiuridae of the Mergui Archipelago. J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. 21. (Ophiocampsis 101.)

36. Ely, C. A., 1942. Shallow-water Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea of Hawaii. Bern. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 176. (Distichophis 46.)

37. Fasmer. H., 1930. On the genus Anthophiura. Vid. Medd. dansk naturh. For. 90.

38. Fell, H. B., 1952. Echinoderms from Southern New Zealand. Zool. Pub. Vict. Univ. Coll. Wellington , 18.

39. Forbes, E., 1843. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1 (17) (18). (Pectinura 167 [17], Ophiopsila 175, Amphiura 175 [18].)

40. Gislen, T., 1926. On the generic types of the ophiurid genus Ophiocentrus Ljungman. Göteborgs Vetens Samh. Handl. 30 (6). (Acrocnida 10.)

41. Grube, H. E., 1868. Uber einige seltenere oder neue ophiuriden. Iber. Schles. Ges. (Breslau) 45. (Ophiochasma 45.)

42. Hertz, M., 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1 Wiss. Ergeb. deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. "Valdivia", 22 (3). (Ophiomusa 102.)

43. — 1927. Die Ophiuroiden. Deutsche Südpolar-Exped. 1901–03 , 19. (Ophiuroglypha 25.)

44. Ives, I. E., 1889. On a new genus and a new species of Ophiurans. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1889. (Ophioncus 143.)

45. Koehler, R., 1895. Notes échinologiques. Rev. biol. nord France , 7. (Paramphiura 331).

46. — 1895. Catalogue raisonné des echinoderms recueillis par M. Korotnev aux iles de la Sonde. Mém. Soc. zool. France 9. (Ophiohelix.)

47. — Note préliminaire sur les ophiures des campagnes de la "Princesse Alice" . Mem. Soc. zool. France , 9. (Ophiotrema 251.)

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48. Koehler, R., 1897. Echinodermes recueillis par "l'Investigator" dans l'Ocean-Indien. Les ophiures de mer profonde. Ann. Sci. nat. Zool. 8 (4). (Ophiotype 281.)

49. — 1898. Echinodermes recueillis par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien. IIme mémoire. Les ophiures littorales. Bull. sci. France Belgique , 31. (Sthenocephalus 112.)

50. — 1901. Bull. Soc. Zool. France , 21. (Ophiophycis 222.)

51. — 1904. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga-Exped. Mon. 45a. (Ophiopallas 12, Ophiocirce 13, Ophiomoeris 16, Ophiocrates 19, Ophiomidas 26, Ophioleuce 32, Ophiochrysis 35, Ophiodoris 72, Ophiomytis 142, Astrocharis 160.)

52. — 1905. Ophiures littorales. Siboga-Exped. Mon. 45b. (Ophiogyptis 121, Astrochalcis 129.)

53. — 1907. Revision des Ophiures du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bull. Sci. France Belgique , 41. (Ophiomora 342.)

54. — 1907. Ophiures. Exp. Travailleur et Talisman , 8. (Ophiomedea 280, Ophioleda 292.)

55. — 1911. Astéries, Ophiures et Echinides. Brit. Antarct.-Exped. 1907–9 , 2 (4). (Ophiodiplax 48.)

56. — 1912. Echinodermes. Deuxième Exped. Antarct. Francaise comm. Dr. Charcot. (Ophioperla 125, Astrochlamys 142.)

57. — 1914. Contribution to the study of Ophiurans of the U.S. Nat. Museum. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 84. (Ophiomisidium 32.)

58. — 1921. (In, Mortensen, Th., Notes on some Scandinavian echinoderms.) Vid. Medd. naturh. For. Kbh. 72. (Ophiocomina 53.)

59. — 1922. Ophiures. Austral. Antarct. Exped. 1911–14. Sci. rpts. Zool. 8. (Ophiosparte 21, Ophiodaces 24, Ophioceres 47.)

60. — 1922a. Ophiurans of the Philippine Seas and adjacent waters. (MS transl, fr. French by A. H. Clark.) Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5 (100). (Ophiocanops 24, Ophiodictys 42, Ophiogema 67, Ophioripa 117, Ophiomelina 129.)

61. — 1923. Astéries et Ophiures. Further Zool. Res. Swed. Antarct. Exped. 1901–3 , 1. (Ophiomages 118, Astrothamnus tuberculatus sp.n. 133 = type of Astrohamma Döderlein 1930.)

62. — 1931. Ophiures recueillis par le Dr. Th. Mortensen dans les mers d'Australie et dans l'Archipel. Malais. Vid. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh. , 89. (Ophiozeta, 32, Ophiogelas 42, Ophiovesta 52, Ophiodelos 93, Ophiodaphne 129, Ophiocypris 262, Ophiochalcis 266.)

63. Lamarck, J. B. P., 1801. Système des animaux sans Vertèbres, pp. 1–432. (Ophiura p. 350.)

64. — 1816. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans vertèbres. 2. pp. 538–546. (Includes following types of the genera stated: Eurale muricatum 538 = Astrophyton muricatum (Lmk.): Eurale asperum 538 = Euryale asperum Lmk.: Euryale palmiferum 539 = Trichaster palmiferum (Lmk): Ophiura texturata 542 = Ophiura ophiura (L): Ophiura echinata 543 = Ophiocoma echinata (Lmk.): Ophiura annulosa 543 = Ophiomastix annulosa (Lmk.): Ophiura marmorata 543 = Ophiocnemis marmorata (Lmk.): Ophiura pentagona 546 = Ophiomyxa pentagona (Lmk.).)

65. Leach, W. E., 1815. Zoological Miscellany, 2. (Gorgonocephalus 51.)

66. Linck, J. H., 1733. De Stellis Marinis. (Bellis scolopendrica 52, pl. 40 = ?Ophiopholis aculeata Retz.; Astrophyton scutatum scuto rotato 65, pls. 29 and 30 = ? Gorgonocephalus linckii (M. & T.) 1842.)

67. Linne, C., 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. 10. (Includes following types of the genera cited: Asterias caputmedusae 663 = Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae (L): Asterias ophiura 662 = Ophiura ophiura (L) = Ophiura texturata Lmk.)

68. Ljungman, A. V., 1872. Förteckning öfver uti Vestindien af Dr. A. Goës samt under Korvetten Josefinas expedition i Adantiska Oceanen samlade ophiurider. Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Förh. 28, 1871 (Stockholm). (Ophiopaepale 639, Ophiopezella 639, Ophiarachnella 640, Ophiothyreus 641, Ophiocnidella 649.)

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69. — Ljungman, A. V., 1866. Om naagra nya arter of ophiurider. Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Förh. Stockholm 23. (Ophiogymna 163, Amphipholis 165, Ophiopus 309, Ophiocentrus 321, Amphilepis 322.)

70. Ludwig, H., 1882. Verzeichniss der von Prof. E. van Beneden an der Küste von Brasilien gesammelten echinodermen. Mem. couron. Acad. Belgique (in 40), 44. (Ophiotrichoides 20.)

71. — 1886. Echinodermen des Beeringsmeeres. Zool. Jahrb. 1. (Ophioglyphina 283.)

72. — 1888. Ophiopteron elegans, eine neue, wahrscheinlich schwimmende ophiuridenform. Zeitsch. wiss. Zool. , 47. (Ophiopteron 459.)

73. Lütken, C. F., 1855. Vid. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh. 1854. (Ophiocten 97.) 1856. (Ophiactis 12, Ophiostigma 13, Asteroschema 16, Astroporpa 17.)

74. — 1856. Oversigt over de Vestindiske Ophiurer. Vid. Medd. naturh. For. Kbh.

75. — 1859. Additamenta ad historiam Ophiuridarum, II Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5 (5). (Ophionereis 212, Ophioblenna 239.)

76. — 1869. Additamenta ad historiam Ophiuridarum. Pt. III. Kgl. Dansk. Selsk. Skr. B (2). (Ophiopsammus 88, Ophioconis 88, Ophiochaeta 89, Ophionephthys 93, Ophionema 94, Asteromorpha 62.)

77. — & Mortensen, Th. , 1899. The Ophiuridae (of the "Albatross", 1891). Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. 23 (2). (Gymnophiura 111.)

78. Lyman, T., 1861. Descriptions of new ophiuridae, etc. Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 8. (Ophioplocus 75.)

79. — 1865. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 1. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. (Ophioceramis 62, Ophiozona 64, Ophiophragmus 131, Ophiocnida 133, Hemipholis 137.)

80. — 1869. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard , 1 (10). (Ophiomusium 322, Ophiomitra 325, Ophiochondrus 327, Ophiothamnus 341, Ophiomyces 343, Ophiocreas 347, Astrogomphus 350.)

81. — 1871. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comp. Zoology No. 6. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard , 2. (Ophiomaza 9.)

82. — 1872. Notes sur les ophiurides et euryales. . . du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. Ann. Sci. nat. Paris Zool. 5 (16). (Astrocnida 1.)

83. — 1874. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae, old and new. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard , 3 (10). (Ophiopsammium 231.)

84. — 1875. Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition, II. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard , 4. (Ophioplax 22, Astrotoma 24, Astroporpa 26, Asteroschema 26.)

85. — 1878. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the Challenger Expedition, Pt. I. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard , 5 (7). (Ophiomastus 104, Ophioplinthus 105, Ophiopyrgus 120, Ophiernus 122, Ophiotrochus 129, Ophiophyllum 130, Ophiobyrsa 131, Ophiochiton 132, Ophiopyren 133, Ophiocamax 136, Ophiolebes 158, Ophiosciasma 160, Ophiogeron 161, Ophiolipus 220, Sigsbeia 233.)

86. — 1879. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the Challenger Expedition. Pt. II. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard , 6 (2). (Astroceras 62, Astroclon 69.)

87. — 1880. Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 6. (Ophiohelus 5, Ophiocymbium 7, Ophiochytra 8, Ophiambix 11, Ophiotholia.)

88. — 1882. Report on the Ophiuroidea. Rpt. Sci. Res. Voy. H.M.S. Challenger, 1873–76, Zool. 5 (1) 1–387, 48 pls. (A monograph of the genera and species known up to 1881.)

89. — 1883. Report on the Ophiuroidea (of the "Blake"). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 10 (6). (Ophiocopa 266, Ophiotoma 268, Ophiobrachion 278.)

90. Madsen, F. J., 1951. Ophiuroidea. Rpts. Swedish Deep-Sea Exp. 2, 9.

91. — 1955. Echinoderms. Sci. Res. Norw. Antarc. Exp. , 37.

92. — 1956. Echinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea from depths exceeding 6,000 metres. Sci. Res. Danish Deep-Sea Exp., 1950–52 , 2.

93. Marktanner-Turneretscher, G., 1887. Beschreibung neuer ophiuriden und bemerkungen zu bekannten. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 2. (Ophiolophus 314.)

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94. Martens, E. von., 1867. Monatsberichte Akad. Wiss. Berlin , 1868. (Hemieuryale 481.)

95. Matsumoto, H., 1915. A new classification of the Ophiuroidea. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia , 47. (Ophiostiba 47, Ophiohyalus 48, Ophiosmilax 50, Astrothamnus 59, Amphiactis 66, Haplophiura 76, Aspidophiura 76, Amphiophiura 77, Stegophiura 78, Ophiurolepis 80, Ophiozonella 82, Ophiuroconis 85, Ophiurodon 86, Ophiurochaeta 86.)

96. — 1917. A monograph of Japanese Ophiuroidea, arranged according to a new classification. J. Coll. Sci Tokyo 38 (2). (Ophiophthalmus 106, Ophiurothamnus 129, Ophiosemnotes 135, Amphichilus 175, Amphiacantha 177.)

97. Montagu , 1804. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 7. (Asterias brachiata = Acronida brachiata 84.)

98. Mortensen, Th. , 1911. Microphiura decipiens n.g., n.sp., a remarkable new West Indian ophiurid. Vid. Medd. naturh. For. Kbh. 1910. (Microphiura 204.)

99. — 1915. Some new echinoderms from Greenland. Vid. Medd. dansk. naturh. For. Kbh. 66. (Ophiotjalfa 40.)

100. — 1924. Pighude. Danmarks Fauna (Copenhagen).

101. — 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. 2. Ophiuroidea. Vid. Medd. Dansk naturh. Foren. Kbh. 77.

102. — 1925. On a small collection of Echinoderms from the Antarctic Sea. Ark. Zool. 17A (31).

103. — 1927. Echinoderms of the British Isles (Oxford).

104. — 1932. On an extraordinary ophiurid, etc. Vid. medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh. 93. (Ophiocanops fugiens Koehler made type of new family Ophiocanopidae; Astrogymnotes 8, Ophiopteron 11.)

105. — 1933. Biological observations on ophiurids, with descriptions of two new genera and four new species. Vid. medd. naturh. For. Kbh. 93. (Nannophiura 174, Amphilycus 178 and 185.)

106. — 1933a. Studies of Indo-Pacific Euryalids. Vid. Medd. naturh. For. Kbh. 96. (Astrobrachion restricted 69, Astroscolex 70.)

107. — 1933b. Ophiuroidea. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 4 (8), 1–121.

108. — 1933c. Echinoderms of South Africa: Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Vid. Medd. dansk. naturh. For. Kbh. 93. (Asterostegus 297, Ophiolycus 315.)

109. — 1936. Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Rpts. 12. (Ophiolebella 305.)

110. — 1940. Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Danish sci. Invest. Iran, Copenhagen , 2. (Paracrocnida 85.)

111. Müller, J. & Troschel, F. H., 1840. Gattungen der Ophiuren. Wiegmanns Archiv. Naturgesch. 6 (1). (Ophiothrix 328, Ophioderma 329, Ophionyx 329, Ophiopholis 368, Ophiolepis 328, Ophiomyxa 368, Ophiocnemis 368.)

112. — 1842. System der Asteriden. (Ophiarachna 104, Ophiacantha 106, Ophiomastix 107, Ophioscolex 109, Asteronyx 119, Astrophyton 121.)

113. Murakami, S., 1943–4. Report on the ophiurans of Palao, Caroline Island. Rpt. on ophiurans of Yaeyama, Ryukyu. J. Dep. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 7 (4 & 5). (Ophiotylos 183, Ophioclastus 190, Ophiostegastus 272.)

114. Nielsen, E., 1932. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California, and the Strait of Georgia. Vid. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh. 91. (Amphispina 276, Amphichondrius 303, Amphigyptis 306, Schizoderma 335.)

Oersted & Lutken , 1856. See Lütken, C. F., 1856.

115. Oken, L., 1815. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte 3, Zoologie (1). (Euryale 356.)

116. Pallas, P. S., 1788. Acad. Caes. Leop. , Nova Acta 2, p. 239, pl. 6. (Asterias oligactes = Asteroschema oligactes.)

117. Pennant, T., 1777. British Zoology 4. (Asterias pentaphylla 64 = Ophiothrix pentaphyllum.)

118. Peters, W., 1851. Uber die von ihm an der küste von Mossambique eingesaml. Ophiuren. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1851 . (Ophiarthrium 463, Ophiopeza 465.)

119. Retzius, A. J., 1783. Genera et species insectorum et cet. K. Vetensk-Akad. Handl. , 4. (Asterias euryale 243 = Astrocladus euryale, type species of genus.)

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120. Retzius, A. J., 1805. Dissertatio sistans species cognitas asteriarum, pp. 1–37. (Asterias longicauda 28 = Ophioderma longicauda, Asterias bidentata 33 = Ophiacantha bidentata; both being type species of genera cited.)

121. Rondelet, G., 1554. Libri de Piscibus Marinis. (Stella laevis 120, Stella arborescens 121.)

122. Sars, M., 1857. Nyt. Mag. Naturvid. 9. (Ophianoplus 79.)

123. — 1872. Förh. Vidensk-Selsk. Christiania, 1872 . (Ophiaregma 112.)

124. Seba, A., 1758. Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri accurata Descriptio, 3 . (Astrophyton costosum, p. 16, pl. 9.)

125. Schultze , 1760. Verst. Seest. (Astrophyton (s.l.) 53).

126. Sladen, W. P., 1879. Zool. Anz. 2. (Astrophiura 10.)

127. Smith, E. A., 1877. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4 (19). (Ophiopteris 306.)

128. — 1878. Description of Acantharachna mirabilis, a new form of Ophiuridae. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 13. (Acantharachna 335.)

128a. Spencer, W. K., 1951. Phil. Trans. , B, 235, pp. 110–121. (Summary of fossil groups of Ophiuroidea).

129. Studer, T., 1885. Verzeichniss der Wärend der reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde 1874—1876 gesammelten Asteriden und Euryaliden. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1884 . (Ophiuropsis, 55.)

130. — 1877. Uber echinodermen aus dem Antarktischem Meere. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876 . (Ophiogona 460.)

131. Verrill, A. E., 1867. Trans. Connect. Acad. Sci. 1. (Ophiothela 269.)

132. — 1878. Americ. J. Sci. 3 (16). (Astrochele 374.)

133. — 1899. Report on the ophiuroidea collected by the Bahama Expedition in 1893 . Bull. Lab. nat. hist. Univ. Iowa 5 (1). (Ophiopelte 25, Amphiodia 25, Amphioplus 25, Amphilimna 30, Ophialcaea 38, Ophiacanthella 39, Ophiopora 39, Ophiomitrella 39, Ophiotreta 40, Ophiolimna 40, Ophientrema 41, Ophientodia 41, Ophiectodia 42, Amphipsila 55, Ophiodera 65, Ophioplus 70.)

134. — 1899. North American Ophiuroidea, Pt. 1. Trans. Connect. Acad. 10. (Ctenamphiura 306, Amphiocnida 318, Ophioplinthaca 351, Ophiochondrella 355, Ophiobyrsella 358, Astrogeron 359, Astrocladus 369, Astrodia 371.)

135. Winthrop, J., 1670. The Basket Fish. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 5. (Basket Fish, p. 1152.)

136. — 1671. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 6, p. 2221.

137. Ziesenhenne, F. C., 1940. New Ophiurans of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pac. Exped. 8 (2). (Ophiodesmus 33.)