First Lessons in Maori
§ 46. Active Voice
§ 46. Active Voice.
i. Indicative.
1. Inceptive (Past, present, or future).
Ka karanga ahau, I began (begin or shall begin) calling, or I became, etc.
Ka kore ahau e karanga, I became (become or shall become) not catting, or I ceased (cease or shall cease) calling.
2. Imperfect (Continuous; past, present, or future).
E karanga ana ahau, I was, am, or will be calling.
Kahore ahau e karanga ana, I was not, am not, or will not be calling.
3. Perfect (Completed; past, present, or future).
Kua karanga ahau, I had, have, or will have called.
Kahore ahau kia karanga, I had not, have not, or will not have called.
4. Past (Indefinite).
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I karanga ahau, I called.
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Kihai ahau i karanga, I did not call.
5. Future (Indefinite).
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E karanga ahau, I shall call.
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E kore ahau e karanga, I shall not call.
6. Future (Emphatic).
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Tera ahau e karanga, I shall (or will) call.
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Tera ahau e kore e karanga, I shall (or will) not call.
7. Narrative form.
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Karanga ana ahau, I called.
(Not used in the negative).
ii. Imperative.
1. Strong (Mandatory or Precatory).
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Karanga! call! E noho! sit!
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Kaua e karanga! Do not call!
2. Weak (Hortatory or Deliberative).
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Me karanga ahau, I had better call or let me call.
iii. Subjunctive.
1. Inceptive (Future).
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Ki te mea ka karanga ahau, If I should begin calling.
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Ki te mea ka kore ahau e karanga, If I should not begin calling, or If I should cease calling.
2. Imperfect (Continuous).
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Mehemea (or me) e karanga ana ahau, If I were calling.
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Mehemea (or me) kahore ahau e karanga ana, If I were not calling.
3. Perfect (Completed).
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Mehemea kua karanga ahau, If I had called.
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Mehemea kahore ahau kia karanga, If I had not called.
4. Past (Indefinite).
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Mehemea (or me) i karanga ahau, If I called.
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Mehemea kihai (or me i kahore) ahau i karanga, If I did not call.
5. Future (Contingent).
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Ki te karanga ahau, If I should call.
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Ki te kore ahau e karanga, If I should not call.
6. Future (Consequential).
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Kia karanga ahau, That I may call, or Let me call.
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Kia kaua ahau e karanga, That I may not call.
7. Future (Deprecatory or Precautionary).
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Kei karanga ahau, Lest I should call, or Let me not call.
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Kei kore ahau e karanga, Lest I should not call. (This negative is used only in dependent sentences).
iv. Infinitive.
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Karanga, call, preceded by an article or definitive pronoun, thus: he karanga, te karanga, tana karanga, etc.